Blowing a raspberry
| Buccal interdental trill | |
|---|---|
| ↀ͡r̪͆ | |
| ↀ |
| Voiceless labiolingual trill | |
|---|---|
| r̼̊ | |
| ʙ̼̊ | |
| IPA number | 122 + 407 + 402A |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | r̼̥ |
| Unicode (hex) | U+0072 U+033C U+0325 |
A raspberry or razz, also known as a Bronx cheer, is a mouth noise similar to a fart that is used to signify derision. It is also used as a voice exercise for singers and actors, where it may be called a raspberry trill or tongue trill.[1] It is made by placing the tongue between the lips and blowing, so that it trills against the lower lip, and as a catcall in public arenas is sometimes made into the palm or back of the hand to amplify the volume. In Russia it is commonly accompanied by rolling the eyes.[2]
Blowing a raspberry is common to many countries around the world, including European and European-settled countries and Iran. In Anglophone countries, it is associated with catcalling opposing sports teams, and with children. It is not used in any human language as a building block of words, apart from jocular exceptions such as the name of the comic-book character Joe Btfsplk. However, the vaguely similar bilabial trill (essentially blowing a raspberry with one's lips) is a regular consonant sound in a few dozen languages scattered around the world.
Spike Jones and His City Slickers used a "birdaphone" to create this sound on their recording of "Der Fuehrer's Face", repeatedly lambasting Adolf Hitler with: "We'll Heil! [ Bronx cheer ] Heil! [ Bronx cheer ] Right in Der Fuehrer's Face!"[3][4]
In the terminology of phonetics, the raspberry has been described as a (pulmonic) labiolingual trill,[5] transcribed [r̼] or [r̼̊] (depending on voicing) in the International Phonetic Alphabet;[a] and as a buccal interdental trill, transcribed [ↀ͡r̪͆] in the Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet (the ICPLA suggests that [ↀ] may also be used alone as an abbreviation if a speaker frequently uses the sound).[6] The Knorkator song "[Buchstabe]" (the actual title is a glyph) on the 1999 album Hasenchartbreaker uses a voiced linguolabial trill to replace "br" in a number of German words (e.g. [ˈr̼aːtkaʁtɔfl̩n] for Bratkartoffeln).
Name
[edit]The nomenclature varies by country. In most Anglophone countries, it is known as a raspberry, which is attested from at least 1890,[7] and which in the United States had been shortened to razz by 1919.[8] The term originates in rhyming slang, where "raspberry tart" means "fart".[9] In the United States it has also been called a Bronx cheer since at least the early 1920s.[10][11]
In Italian it is known by the Neapolitan word pernacchia; in Spanish as pedorreta or trompetilla.
There is no particular word for it in Russian.[2] There is also no direct equivalent in Korean.
See also
[edit]- Golden Raspberry Awards, which are named after the term
- The Phantom Raspberry Blower of Old London Town – Television sketch written by Spike Milligan
- Flatulence humor – Humor with flatulence
Notes
[edit]- ^ By analogy of the bridge above diacritic ⟨◌͆⟩ used for dentolabials in extIPA, labiolinguals (with the tongue against the lower lip) may be transcribed ad hoc with the seagull above diacritic ⟨◌⟩, to distinguish them from linguolabials (with the tongue against the upper lip). The labiolingual trills can therefore be transcribed as [r] and [r̥].
References
[edit]- ^ [1]
- ^ a b Samokhina I. A. Combined techniques of transmitting cultural and historical realities in a fiction text // Foreign languages: linguistic and methodological aspects. Tver State University, 2014. No. 25. P271-273.
- ^ Hinkley, David (March 3, 2004). "Scorn and disdain: Spike Jones giffs Hitler der old birdaphone, 1942". New York Daily News. ISSN 2692-1251. OCLC 9541172. Archived from the original on April 8, 2009.
- ^ Gilliland, John (April 14, 1972). Pop Chronicles 1940s Program #5. UNT Digital Library. University of North Texas. ARK ark:/67531/metadc1633240/m1/.
- ^ Odden, David (2005). Introducing Phonology (1st ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-511-10970-6.
- ^ Ball, Martin J.; Howard, Sara J.; Miller, Kirk (2018). Arvaniti, Amalia (ed.). "Revisions to the extIPA chart". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 48 (2). Cambridge University Press: 155–164. doi:10.1017/S0025100317000147. eISSN 1475-3502. ISSN 0025-1003. LCCN 74648541. OCLC 474783413. S2CID 151863976.
- ^ "raspberry". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ "razz". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ Holder, Robert W. Dictionary of Euphemisms. Oxford University Press. p. 318. ISBN 978-0-19-923517-9.
- ^ Runyon, Damon (19 Oct 1921). "All Chicago backs up its footballers". San Francisco Examiner. Universal Syndicate. p. 19. Retrieved 18 Jun 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
....the East will grin and give Western football the jolly old Bronx cheer.
- ^ Farrell, Henry L. (30 Nov 1922). "Wills looks like boob in Johnson bout". San Antonio Evening News. United Press. p. 8. Retrieved 18 Jun 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
While the crowd was giving vent to the 'Bronx cheer' and hurling garlands of raspberries from the gallery....