↑ 1.001.011.021.031.041.051.061.071.081.09Apart from being the main realization of the phonemes /b,d,ɟ,dz,dʐ,ɡ,z,ʐ/, [b,d,ɟ,dz,dʐ,ɡ,z,ʐ] also occur as allophones of /p,t,c,ts,tʂ,k,s,ʂ/ before the voiced obstruents /b,d,ɡ,ɟ,dʐ,z,ʐ,ɦ/. /f/ and /x/ are also voiced in this environment, to [v] and [ɣ].
↑ 3.03.13.23.33.43.53.63.7Apart from being the main realization of the phonemes /k,p,s,ʂ,t,c,ts,tʂ/, [k,p,s,ʂ,t,c,ts,tʂ] also occur as word-final allophones of /ɡ,b,z,ʐ,d,ɟ,dz,dʐ/ unless the following word starts with any of the voiced obstruents /b,d,ɡ,ɟ,dʐ,z,ʐ,ɦ/ and is pronounced without a pause, in which case they are realized as voiced [ɡ,b,z,ʐ,d,ɟ,dz,dʐ].
↑ 4.04.14.24.3The phones transcribed [f,v,ʋ,w] are allophones of a single /v/ phoneme (but note that [f,v] are also allophones of the /f/ phoneme): • [f] occurs word-initially before the voiceless obstruents /p,t,c,k,tʂ,s,ʂ,x/; • [v] occurs word-initially before the voiced obstruents /b,d,ɟ,ɡ,dʐ,z,ʐ,ɦ/; • [w] or [ʋ] (in our transcriptions always represented as [w]) occur in the syllable coda; • [ʋ] occurs in all other cases (Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)).
↑ 5.05.1The /l–ʎ/ contrast is neutralized before front vowels, when only the alveolar/l/ occurs. The neutralization is taken further in western dialects in which the alveolo-palatal/ʎ/ merges with the alveolar /l/ in all environments (Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)).
↑ 6.06.16.26.3Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Before velar consonants they are [ŋ], and before labial consonants they are [m]; the labiodental [ɱ] appears before /f/ and /v/. Orthographic ⟨n⟩ before ⟨p⟩ and ⟨b⟩ is rare and is confined mostly to loanwords.
↑In the majority of cases only one long vowel per word may occur. The phonemic diphthongs /ɪɐ,ɪe,ɪu,ʊɔ/ count as long vowels.
↑[ɛɐ] is a phonological monophthong, usually transcribed with ⟨æ⟩ in phonemic transcription. However, for speakers that distinguish it from /e/, it is clearly an opening diphthong (Pavlík 2004, p. 94).
↑Syllable breaks are indicated only in the case of the sequences [i.a], [i.e] and [i.u], which occur in loanwords and are spelled the same as the native diphthongs [ɪɐ,ɪe,ɪu]. In the case of other hiatuses, the syllable break is omitted.
