ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ
ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ  | |
|---|---|
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| ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ | |
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ | ⵉⵃⵓⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵉⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⴹⵜ (ⵎⵥⵓⴹⴰ) |
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ | 1926 |
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ | ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ |
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ | 27 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ 1994 |
| ⴰⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ | ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ |
| ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ | |
| ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ | ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ  |
| ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉ | ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ |
| ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ | |
| ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ | ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ |
| ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ | |
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵜⵢ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ | ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ |
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ | ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ |
ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ, ⵏⵖ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⴷⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵓ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⵓ ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1926, ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵃⵓⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵉⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⴹⵜ (ⵎⵥⵓⴹⴰ), ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵔⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ, ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⵓⴳⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵃⵍⵇⵜ ⴳ ⵊⴰⵎⵄ ⵍⴼⵏⴰ (ⴱⴰⵇⵛⵉⵛ). ⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴽⵓⵎⵉⴷⵉⵜ, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵎⵉⴷⵉⵜ.
ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ ⵉⵥⵓⵍⴰ, ⴳ ⵓⵖⴰⵡⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ "ⴰⴽⴰⴱⴰⵔ", ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ, ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴼ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ: "ⵉⵍⵎⴷ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⵜⵉⵕⵕⵓⵢⵚⴰ ⴳ ⵊⴰⵎⵄ ⵍⴼⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵉⴼⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵕⵕⵡⴰⵢⵚ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵙⴰⵙⴱⵓ, ⴷ ⴱⵓⵏⵡⴰⴷⵔ ⴷ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴽ, ⵎⴱⴰⵕⴽ ⵓⵍⵃⵙⵏ."
ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵏⵣⵡⴰⵢ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⴽⴰⵛ ⴳ ⵓⵖⴰⵡⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵏⵣⵡⴰⵢ: "ⵉⴷⴷⵓⴽⵍ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⴷ ⵕⵕⴰⵢⵚ ⵎⵓⵍⵢ ⵎⵓⵃ ⴷ ⵕⵕⴰⵢⵚ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⵣ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ, ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵡⴰⵍⴽⴰⵛ ⴳ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵕⵕⵡⴰⵢⵙ ⴰⴷ: ⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵕⵕⴰⵢⵚ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ, ⵉⵎⵓⵏ ⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵃⵍⴰⵇⵉ ⵏ ⵊⴰⵎⵄ ⵍⴼⵏⴰ, ⴷ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵓⴳⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵢⴰⵙⵉ ⴷⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⴳⵉⴳⴰⵏ."
ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ, ⴷⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵕⵕⵓⵢⵚⴰ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵇⵇⵉⵍⵜ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ, ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⴳⵎ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵀⵢⵢⵓⵏ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⴷⴼ ⵙ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴳⴳⵓⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ "ⴰⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎⵜ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵃⵢⴰ ⴱⵓⵇⴷⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⵓⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴰⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵉⵣⵓⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⴼ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ", ⵉⵏⵏⴰ: ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ, ⵢⵓⴳⵉ ⴰⵙⴼⵙⴰ, ⵢⴰⴳⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⴼ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴳ ⵉⴳⵓⵎⵜ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ."
ⵜⵉⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⵉⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵃⴰⵊⵊ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ, ⵓⵔ ⴳⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵏⵣⵉⵍⵉⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵥⴰⴹⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ, ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴼ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⵍⴳⵉⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵉⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵍⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵙⴰⵡⵍⵏⵜ ⴼ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⵢⵢⵓⴱ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ.ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴳⵉ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵎⴱⵏⵉⵇ, ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1952 ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵎⴰⵥ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵏⵉⵇ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵢⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵏⵉⵇⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵏⵜⴰⵏⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⴰⵔ ⵍⵎⵥⵓⴹⵉ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵖⵏⵊⵊ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵏ « ⴰⴼⵙⵢⴰⵏ-الضابط» ⴳ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ, ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴼ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵙⴱⵣⵣⵉⵣ ⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴹⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵍⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰ.
ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵏⵉⵇⵇ ⴰⵎⵎⵓⵍⵍⵉ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵢⵓⵍⵙ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⴽⴰⵛ ⴳ ⵓⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ “ ⵉⵏⵎⵖⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴳ” ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵏⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ “ⵕⴰⴹⵢⵓ ⴱⵍⵓⵙ”, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵙⵉⵜ. ⴷ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⵏⴰⵏ, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⵢ ⵣⵖ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⵙ ⵓⵖⵣⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵓⵜ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵃⴰⴹⴰⵕ ⵉ ⵜⴼⵓⴳⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵖⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵍⴽⴰⵛ : ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⵉⵃⵎⵍ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵙⵍⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵃⵡⴰⵛ, ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵖⵣⵓ ⵉⵖ ⴽⴰ ⵉⵙⵍⵍⴰ ⵉ ⵉⵙⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵃⵡⴰⵛ ⵣⵖ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵅⴼ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵣⵔⴰⵢ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⴻⵜⵜⵔ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⴰⵢⵊⵊⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴷⵔⵓ ⴷ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉⵔ, ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵉ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ. ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⴽⴰⵛ. ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵖ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵖⵣⵓ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⴱⵓ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⵓⵔⵉ ⴱⵣⵣⵉⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⴱⵓ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍⵏ.
ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⴰⵇⵇⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵉⵊⵊⵉⵜⵉⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵖⵣⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵓⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⴱⵓ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵎⴰⵔⴰ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⴱ ⵓⵖⵣⵓ, ⵉⵡⵡⵉ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴹⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵓⵖⵣⵓ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵓⵙⵏ. ⵙ ⵎⴰⵢⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⴷ ⵣⵖ ⵓⵖⵣⵓ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⴷⴰ ⵜ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵙⵙⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵎⴰⵇⵇⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵉⵊⵊⵉⵜⵉⵏ. ⵣⵖ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⴰⵇⵇⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵉⵍⵙⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵡⵉⵣⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ , ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵍⴽⵡⴰⵚⵟ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵣⵎⵎⵉⵎ, ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⴽⴽⵉⵙ.
ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⴷⵔⴰ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⴳ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵏ, ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵣⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵙⵍⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵖ ⵜⴼⵓⴳⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⴷⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵏ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ, ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴼⴰⵕⵏⵚⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1963, ⴷ ⴱⵍⵊⵉⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1964, ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵍⵃⵉⵊⵊ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1968.
ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⵉⴷ ⵏⴰⵚⵕ, ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ ⵉⵥⵓⵍⴰ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ : ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⵉⴱⵍⴷⴰⵢ, ⴷ ⵓⴱⵉⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵓⴱⵉⴽⴽⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ, ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ “ⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵄⴽⵍ”, ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ, ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⵖ ⵜⴱⵍⴷⵉⵢⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵏⴽⵔ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵜⵜⵉ ⵕⵕⵡⴰⵢⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴷⵉⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵓⴳⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵡⵉⵣⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵉⵍ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵓ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ “ⴰⵎⵃⴰⵔⴼⵉ”, ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵢⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵕⵕⵓⵢⵚⴰ ⵙⵡⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵙ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔ “ⴰⵙⵜⴰⵔⴰ” ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔⵜ, ⴷ “ⵜⵎⵙⵓⵙⵜ” ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵇⵚⵉⴹⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⵉⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⴳⵉⵡⵔⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⵜⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵙ.
ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴼⵉⵍⴱ ⵙⴽⴰⵢⵍⵉⵔ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴳ ⵓⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⵖⵎⵙ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵜⴱⴰⴷⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ (ⵍⵓⵡⵍⴰ), ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⴼⵉⵍⵉⴱ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⵃⴰⴹⵕⵖ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1975 , ⵓⵔ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵖ ⵉ ⵔⵔⵉⴱⴰⴱ, ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵖ , ⵉⵙⴱⵔⵔⴽ ⵉⵢⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴳⴰ , ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⴽⵉⴷ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵉ ⵉⵏⵎⵓⵖⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵕⵕⵡⴰⵢⵚ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷⴷⵉⵖ ⵓⵖⵉⵖ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵜⵣⴳⴳⵓⵔ.
ⵓⴳⵔⵉⵡⵏ ⵓⴷⵢⵉⵣⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵔⵣⵓ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵓⵎⵔⵣⵓ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵎⵓⵏⴰⴷⵉ, ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ 2019, ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ: ⴳ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵣⵣⵉⴳⵣⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵓⵥⴰⵕ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵚⴽⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵕⵕⴰⵢⵚ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ (1926 - 1994) ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ "ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵜ" ⵉⵥⵍⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴼⴰⴷⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⵏ, ⵏⵜⵜⵏⵜⵉ ⴰ ⵙ ⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⴷ, ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵏⵜⵜⵔⵎⴰⵙ:[1]
ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵇⵇⵉⵚⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵏⴹⵎⵖ ⵔⵉⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵉⵖ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵍⴰⵅⴱⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⵀⴰⵢⵢⵖ ⵏⵜⵜⴽⵍ ⴼ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵏⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵍⵓⵚⵉⵢⴰⵜ ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⵙⵙⵏⵖ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⴱⴷⵔⵖ ⵛⵛⵓⵕⵓⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵍ ⵉⴽⵎⵎⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵜ ⴰ ⵍⴰⵃⴱⴰⴱ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵔⵅⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵛⵛⵕⵓⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵏ ⴽⵎⵎⵍⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵓⴽⵏ ⵉⵛⵀⴷ ⵉⵥⵣⴰⵍ ⵉⴽⴽⵉⵙ ⵍⵄⴰⵛⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵥⵓⵎ ⵃⵓⵊⵊⵓⵏ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎ ⵉⴽⵎⵎⵍⵏ
-- ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ
ⴳⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⵜⵉⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ, ⵎⵎⵔⴽⵙⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵖⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴷⵏⴰⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵏ "ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ" ⴷ "ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵜⵎⵜ" ⴷ ⵜⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵣⵣⵉⴳⵣⵏ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ.
ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴹⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖⵏ ⵖⵏⵏⵉⵊ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵜⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵏⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⵙ ⵏ 1960.
ⵓⵔ ⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⴰⵎⵏ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴹⵓⴼⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵖⵏⵏⵉⵊ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵣⵡⵍ "ⵉⴱⵔⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵍⴱⴷⵉⵄ" ⵉⵥⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ, ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⵖⵏⵏⵉⵊⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵎⵎⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵏⴼⵔⴰⵔ.
ⵜⴰⵔⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴱⵓⵏⵜ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ, ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵢⵉⵔⵏ, ⴷ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⴰⴼ ⵉ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵔ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⴰⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵓⵥⴰⵕ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵏⵓⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⴳⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵀⵡⴰ ⵟⵟⴰⵍⵇⴳ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵏⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵕⴰⵊⴰ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ, ⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵏⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵄⴰⴱⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵍⵄⵔⵓⵊⵉ ⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵏⴰ ⵙⵙⵓⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵏⵖⵎⴰⵙ ⵅⴰⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵛⴱⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵣⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵍⵍⵉ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜⵜ ⵜⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵔⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵥⵕⵕⴰⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵃⴰⴹⵕⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵔⴰⵔⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵏⴼⴰⵍⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ. ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⴽⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⵎⴰⴽ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵖⵏⵊⵊ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵡⴰⵀⵔⵓⵛ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⵙⵏⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⵉ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵔⵓ, ⵉⵏⵏⴰ: "ⵉⵎⵎⵏⵄⴰ ⵉⵖ ⴰⴽ ⵉⵣⵓⴳ ⵍⵄⴰⵇⵇⵍ ⴰⴹⵏⵏ ⵉⵅⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⴰⴱ ⴰⴽ ⵢⵉⴹⵚ." ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ: "ⵎⴽ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵛⵇⵇⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴽ ⵜⴼⵍ ⵜⵎⴽⵜⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⴽ ⵜⴰⴹⵏⵜ, ⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵍⵉ ⵢⵉⴹⵚ ⴳ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴽ." ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵉⵀⵔⵛⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴳⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1991, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ ⴳ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 27 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ 1994 ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ 68 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- ^ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵎⵓⵏⴰⴷⵉ (2019). "الإبداع الفني والأدبي مجالا للتناقل: تجليات في التداول الأمازيغي" (pdf). ⵜⴰⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ (in ⵜⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ) (14). ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ: 31–55. Retrieved 30 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2025 – via OpenEdition Journals.