ꯀꯤꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ

	Qing dynasty
Chinese name
ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯤꯁ	清朝
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Qīng cháo
Wade–Giles	ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Tone superscript
IPA	[tɕʰíŋ ʈʂʰǎu]
Wu
Suzhounese	Tshin záu
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Tone superscript
IPA	[tsʰéŋ tsʰȉːu]
Jyutping	Cing1 ciu4
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ	Chheng tiâu
Tâi-lô	Tshing tiâu
Dynastic name
ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯤꯁ	大清
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Dà Qīng
Wade–Giles	Ta4 Ch'ing1
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	Daai6 Ching1
IPA	[tàːi tsʰéŋ]
Jyutping	daai6 cing1
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ	Tāi-chheng
Tâi-lô	Tāi-tshing
Mongolian name
Mongolian Cyrillic	Дайчин Улс
ꯃꯣꯡꯒꯣꯂꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ	ᠳᠠᠢᠢᠴᠢᠩ; ᠤᠯᠤᠰ
Transcriptions
SASM/GNC	Daiqing ulus
	ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Infobox Chinese/Manchu

ꯀꯤꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ
ꯀꯤꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ; 大清; ᡩᠠᡳ᠌ᠴᡳᠩ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
	꯱꯶꯳꯶–꯱꯹꯱꯲
	(꯱꯸꯸꯹–꯱꯹꯱꯲) (꯱꯹꯰꯹–꯱꯹꯱꯲)
	Anthem: ; 鞏金甌; Gǒng Jīn'ōu; ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Parabr
ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ	ꯃꯟꯆꯨ ꯂꯣꯟ; ꯈꯥꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ
ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯆꯠ	ꯀꯅꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ
ꯇꯥꯏꯖꯤ
• ꯱꯶꯳꯶–꯱꯶꯴꯳ (ꯐꯧꯎꯟꯗꯔ)	ꯍꯣꯡ ꯇꯥꯏꯖꯤ
• ꯱꯶꯴꯳–꯱꯶꯶꯱ (ꯕꯦꯏꯖꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ)	ꯁꯨꯟꯖꯤ ꯁꯝꯔꯥꯠ
• ꯱꯹꯰꯸–꯱꯹꯱꯲ (ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ)	ꯄꯨꯌꯤ
• ꯱꯹꯱꯱–꯱꯹꯱꯲	ꯌꯨꯌꯥꯟ ꯁꯤꯀꯥꯏ
ꯃꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ
1700	꯸꯸,꯰꯰,꯰꯰꯰ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯋꯥꯔ[]%s
1790	꯱,꯴꯷,꯰꯰,꯰꯰꯰ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯁ꯭꯭ꯀꯨꯋꯥꯔ[]%s
1860	꯱,꯳꯴,꯰꯰,꯰꯰꯰ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯁ꯭꯭ꯀꯨꯋꯥꯔ[]%s

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ ꯫ ꯆꯞꯆꯥꯕ ꯎꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯔꯒꯗꯤ, ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯎꯕꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯑꯍꯪꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯝꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕ ꯇꯣꯞꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯈꯨꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯎꯕꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯤꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ（ꯈꯥꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ：清朝） ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯟꯆꯨꯁꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯤꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯆꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯝꯔꯥꯠ ꯱꯱ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯀꯤꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯲꯷꯶ ꯁꯨꯔꯀꯈꯤ꯫

ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ

↑ "ꯑꯃꯥ Living in the Chinese Cosmos: Understanding Religion in Late Imperial China (1644–1911)", ꯑꯃꯥ What is Popular Religion, Columbia University, ꯱꯹ ꯖꯥꯅꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯲꯰꯱꯵ꯒꯤ ꯌꯣꯛꯁꯤꯂꯕ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯔꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ |ꯑꯥꯔꯆꯥꯏꯚꯌꯨꯑꯥꯔꯦꯜ= |ꯌꯨꯑꯥꯔꯦꯜ= ꯃꯊꯧ (ꯃꯇꯦꯡ), ꯆꯤꯡꯊꯣꯔꯛꯄ ꯱꯵ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯱꯫
↑ Taagepera, Rein (ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯱꯹꯹꯷), "ꯑꯃꯥ Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia", ꯑꯃꯥ International Studies Quarterly 41 (3): ꯵꯰꯰, DOI:10.1111/0020-8833.00053, JSTOR 2600793, ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯲꯰꯲꯰-꯰꯷-꯰꯷ꯗꯥ ꯁꯪꯒ꯭ꯔꯍꯤꯕ, ꯆꯤꯡꯊꯣꯔꯛꯄ ꯲꯰꯲꯰-꯰꯷-꯲꯴꯫

ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯟꯃꯟꯂꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯍꯟꯂꯨ ꯫

[1] "ꯑꯃꯥ Living in the Chinese Cosmos: Understanding Religion in Late Imperial China (1644–1911)", ꯑꯃꯥ What is Popular Religion, Columbia University, ꯱꯹ ꯖꯥꯅꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯲꯰꯱꯵ꯒꯤ ꯌꯣꯛꯁꯤꯂꯕ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯔꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ |ꯑꯥꯔꯆꯥꯏꯚꯌꯨꯑꯥꯔꯦꯜ= |ꯌꯨꯑꯥꯔꯦꯜ= ꯃꯊꯧ (ꯃꯇꯦꯡ), ꯆꯤꯡꯊꯣꯔꯛꯄ ꯱꯵ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯱꯫

[Taagepera1997p500-2] Taagepera, Rein (ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯱꯹꯹꯷), "ꯑꯃꯥ Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia", ꯑꯃꯥ International Studies Quarterly 41 (3): ꯵꯰꯰, DOI:10.1111/0020-8833.00053, JSTOR 2600793, ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯲꯰꯲꯰-꯰꯷-꯰꯷ꯗꯥ ꯁꯪꯒ꯭ꯔꯍꯤꯕ, ꯆꯤꯡꯊꯣꯔꯛꯄ ꯲꯰꯲꯰-꯰꯷-꯲꯴꯫

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[꯲]