ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ (ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ꯭ꯁ)

ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ꯭ꯁ, ꯗꯕꯜ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ (ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ., ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯕꯜ ꯂꯦꯔꯁꯨ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯩ, ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯎꯔꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯣꯠꯄ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃ, ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯡꯒꯣꯜ ꯑꯃ, ꯏꯅꯤꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯆꯣꯠ-ꯆꯣꯠ ꯂꯥꯎꯕ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯅ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯅꯤꯕꯨ ꯇꯥꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ, ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ (ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯝꯅ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯆꯨꯞꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯥꯑꯥꯏꯌꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯨꯂꯣꯝꯕ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯕꯖꯦꯛꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯅ ꯂꯦꯡꯖꯔꯒ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯁꯟ ꯏꯊꯤꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯃꯍꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ "ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ" ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯋꯤ ꯫

ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡ-ꯃꯐꯝ-ꯃꯈꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯈ꯫ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯉꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯀꯣꯠꯄ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯄꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯆꯣꯠ-ꯆꯣꯠ ꯂꯥꯎꯕ ꯕꯣꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯥꯏꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅ) ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯫

ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯅꯨꯡꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯍꯣꯝꯣꯖꯤꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯁꯪꯒꯣꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯊꯥꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯠꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯅ ꯊꯜꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯎꯗ ꯆꯣꯠꯄ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ ꯫ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏ, ꯃꯆꯨ, ꯏꯟꯀꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯟꯠꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯔꯤ ꯍꯦꯇꯦꯔꯣꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁ ꯃꯍꯤꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯂꯩ ꯫

ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯀꯥꯏꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯅꯣꯃꯦꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯑꯀꯣꯁꯇꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯅꯣꯃꯣꯅꯥꯒ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯅꯛꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ ꯫

ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁ꯭ꯌꯦꯜ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯲ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯄ

ꯍꯦꯜꯝꯍꯣꯜꯠꯖ

ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯂꯤꯗ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯍꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ (ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯏꯂꯥꯏꯠ) ꯀꯃꯟ ꯕꯥꯎꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ (ꯐꯖ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁ) ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯂꯨꯑꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯜꯂꯕ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯔ꯭ꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯣ-ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯍꯟꯗꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯔꯃꯟ ꯚꯣꯟ ꯍꯦꯜꯝꯍꯣꯜꯠꯖ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯂꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯏꯂꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯇ ꯑꯣꯞꯄꯦꯁꯠ ꯄꯣꯂꯔꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯵꯳ ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯲ (ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ.) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯣꯂꯦꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯗꯤꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯗꯤꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯚꯣꯜꯇꯦꯖꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ, ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯚꯣꯜꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯟꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯣꯜꯚꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯕꯜ-ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯀꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯠ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯁ꯭ꯌꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯄꯥꯅꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ, ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ/ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕ, ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯗꯁꯣꯔꯞꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯠ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯜ ꯂꯦꯡꯊꯣꯛ ꯂꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯗꯦ ꯫

ꯒꯧꯏ-ꯆꯞꯃꯦꯟ

ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯱꯰ ꯗ ꯂꯨꯏ ꯖꯣꯔꯖꯁ ꯒꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯱꯳ ꯗ ꯗꯦꯕꯤꯗ ꯂꯤꯑꯣꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯆꯞꯃꯥꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯅ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯨꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯈꯤ ꯫ "ꯒꯧꯏ-ꯆꯞꯃꯦꯟ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ" ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ, ꯙꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯃꯦꯛ꯭ꯁꯋꯦꯜ-ꯕꯣꯜꯠꯖꯃꯦꯟ ꯁ꯫ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯕꯜꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯂꯥꯞꯅ ꯍꯟꯊꯩ ꯫

ꯒꯣꯏ-ꯆꯞꯃꯦꯟ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯛꯍꯦꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯏꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯋꯁ ꯁꯣꯂ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯔꯥꯞꯄ ꯏꯟꯇꯔ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯗꯣꯛꯁ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯦꯅꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖ ꯔꯤꯖꯟ (ꯁꯥꯏꯇꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯝꯁ c ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ <i id="mwdQ"><a href="/wiki/Coenzyme_Q_%E2%80%93_cytochrome_c_reductase?lang=en" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Coenzyme Q – cytochrome c reductase" class="cx-link" data-linkid="92">c<sub>1</sub></a></i>) ꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯂ꯭ꯨꯌꯁꯟ ꯕꯜ꯭ꯛꯀ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗ ꯀꯦꯇꯥꯏꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯜꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ~ ꯱ nm⁻¹.ꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯥꯞꯅ ꯂꯩꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ "ꯒꯧꯏ-ꯆꯞꯃꯦꯟ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯏꯠ" ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯋꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯣꯔꯥꯏꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯟꯅ ꯂꯥꯛꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯃ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯦꯇ꯭ꯌꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯕꯗ ꯑꯀꯥꯏꯕ ꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯝ-ꯗꯤꯁꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ ꯫ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯁꯤꯟꯊꯤꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯗꯣꯛꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯇꯁꯨ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯉꯤ ꯫ ^[꯱]

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟ

ꯒꯧꯏ-ꯆꯞꯃꯦꯟ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯲꯴ ꯗ ꯑꯣꯇꯣ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟ ꯍꯦꯜꯝꯍꯣꯜꯠꯖ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯧꯏ-ꯆꯞꯃꯦꯟ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜꯒ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯈꯤ: ꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜꯗ, ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯈꯔꯅ ꯍꯦꯜꯝꯍꯣꯜꯗꯖꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯇ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯨꯅ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯈꯔꯅ ꯒꯧꯏ-ꯆꯞꯃꯦꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯏ ꯫^[꯲]

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯛꯄ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯅꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁꯀꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ, ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯄꯣꯏꯟ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ, ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ, ꯗꯕꯜ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯊꯨꯡꯅ ꯗꯥꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯄꯔꯃꯤꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯚꯤꯁꯀꯣꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯍꯃꯦ

ꯗꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯍꯥꯃꯦꯅ ꯱꯹꯴꯷ꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ^[꯳] ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯣꯆ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯗꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯁ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯟ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗꯀꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ “ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯁꯣꯔꯕꯦꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ” ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯗꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ꯫ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯍꯦꯂꯃꯍꯣꯂꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ (IHP) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯁꯣꯔꯕꯦꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯂꯃꯍꯣꯂꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ (OHP) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ^[꯴] ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯂꯥꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯄꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫

ꯕꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ/ꯗꯦꯕꯅꯥꯊꯟ/ꯃꯨꯜꯂꯔ (ꯕꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ.)

ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯶꯳ ꯗ ꯖꯦ. ꯑꯣ "ꯑꯦꯝ ꯫ ꯕꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ, ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦ. ꯚꯤ. ꯗꯦꯕꯅꯥꯊꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯃꯨꯜꯂꯔ ꯗꯕꯜ-ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯕꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯇ ꯁꯣꯜꯚꯦꯟꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯌꯥꯎꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕ, ꯁꯣꯜꯚꯦꯟꯀꯤ ꯁꯝꯅꯔꯕ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯜꯚꯦꯟꯠ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯗ ꯃꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜ ꯀꯟꯈꯠꯄ ꯑꯃ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯀꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯣꯜꯚꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯃꯤꯠꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤꯗ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯩꯆ. ꯄꯤ. ꯅ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯦꯗꯁꯣꯔꯕ, ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔ ꯁꯣꯜꯚꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯉꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯁꯣꯜꯚꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯩꯆ. ꯄꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯣ. ꯑꯩꯆ. ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣ. ꯑꯩꯆ. ꯄꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯁꯥꯇꯤ/ꯕꯨꯖꯥꯟꯀꯥ

ꯁꯦꯔꯖꯤꯑꯣ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯁꯥꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯣꯚꯥꯅꯤ ꯕꯖꯥꯟꯀꯥꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯷꯱ ꯗ ꯔꯨꯊꯦꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯐꯤꯜ꯭ꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅ ꯊꯤꯖꯟ ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯟꯕꯗ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯑꯦꯗꯁꯣꯔꯕ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯚꯣꯜꯇꯦꯖ ꯍꯟꯊꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯅꯁꯤꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯑꯦꯗꯁꯣꯔꯞꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯎꯗꯨꯀꯣꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯗ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯀꯟꯋꯥꯏ

ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯷꯵ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯹꯸꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯟ ꯏꯚꯥꯟꯁ ꯀꯟꯋꯥꯏ ꯔꯨꯊꯦꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯅꯕ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯹꯱ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯦꯖꯗ 'ꯁꯨꯄꯔ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯔ "ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ' ꯕꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ" ꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯹꯹ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯐꯦꯔꯥꯗꯥꯏꯛ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯔꯤꯗꯣꯛꯁ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯨꯄꯔ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯔ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ "ꯁꯨꯄꯔ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯔ" ꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯏꯂꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ "ꯁꯤꯎꯗꯨꯀꯣꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁ" ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯐꯦꯔꯥꯗꯥꯏꯛ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯦꯜꯝꯍꯣꯜꯠꯖ ꯗꯕꯜ-ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯤꯎꯗꯨꯀꯣꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯔꯦꯗꯣꯛꯁ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯀꯦꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯣꯔꯞꯁꯟꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯁ

ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯕꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯊꯦꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯨꯗꯣꯜꯐ ꯑꯦ. ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯁ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯁ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ-ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯗ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯌꯔꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯖ ꯈꯛꯇꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯉꯤ ꯫ ꯕꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯀꯛꯊꯠꯇꯕ ꯔꯤꯗꯣꯛꯁ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ, ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯁ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯔꯤ ꯏꯔꯤꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯁꯅ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯹꯲ꯗ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯆꯩꯁꯤꯡꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯎꯠꯄ

ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ^[꯵] ^[꯶] ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯲ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯥꯏꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ

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ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯎꯠꯄ

ꯂꯥꯏꯀꯂꯦꯃꯥꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ,... "" ꯔꯤꯂꯦꯁ꯭ꯗ "ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ (′ ꯏꯀ꯭ꯋꯤꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯝ" ′ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯲ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯃꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫.. " ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯖ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯄꯗ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯁꯤ/ꯑꯦꯝ ² ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯃꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯏꯅꯤꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ, ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯁꯟꯒ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ, ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯔ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯅꯦꯠ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯦꯠ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯒ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯁꯠ ꯄꯣꯂꯔꯇꯤ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫

ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯌꯥꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯅ, ꯇꯦꯟꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯏꯊꯤꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯍꯧꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯞꯄꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯣꯕꯥꯏꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗꯄꯨ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯋꯤꯗꯇꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯀꯥꯏꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯖꯤꯇꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯋꯤ (ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯅ ζ-ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ′ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯁꯨ ꯇꯥꯛꯏ) ꯫^[꯷]

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯗ ꯕꯜꯛ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯕꯜꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯅꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯃꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯋꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯖꯤꯇꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯀꯤ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯚꯤ. ꯲꯵ꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯚꯤ ꯱꯰꯰ꯅꯤ (ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯚꯣꯜꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃ ′ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ζ-ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯰ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯜꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄꯣꯏꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣ-ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯏꯟ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯋꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯩꯆ. ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯅ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯖꯤꯇꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯀꯥꯎꯁꯇꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯅꯣꯃꯦꯅꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯡ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯨꯁꯃꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫

ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯅꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯦꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ, κ⁻¹ ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯀꯣꯟꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯔ ꯔꯨꯠꯀ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯏꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯋꯁ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜꯗ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯟꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯂꯨꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯩ ꯫

ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟ꯭ꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯗꯒꯤ ꯱꯰^꯹ V/m ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯒ꯫ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ ꯫

ꯑꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯂꯩꯃꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯃꯤꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯒꯧꯏ-ꯆꯞꯃꯦꯟ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ σ^d ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ψ^d: ꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯑꯆꯝꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫^[꯸]

$\sigma ^{d}=-{\sqrt {{8\varepsilon _{0}}{\varepsilon _{m}}CRT}}\sinh {\frac {F\Psi ^{d}}{2RT}}$

ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯀꯣꯟꯕ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯫ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯗꯅ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯝꯇꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯲꯵ mV ꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯗꯦꯕꯤ-ꯍꯨꯀꯜ ꯑꯦꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯅꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ψ ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ r ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯄꯤ ꯫

${\Psi }(r)={\Psi ^{d}}{\frac {a}{r}}\exp({-\kappa }(r-a))$

ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯦꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯗ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯝꯇꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯫

ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ "ꯊꯦꯟ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ." ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯂꯔꯔꯤ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯤꯕꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯏ: $\kappa a\gg 1$

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄ ꯑꯦꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯑꯀꯣꯁꯇꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯅꯣꯃꯦꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯑꯦꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯁ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯆꯠꯅꯩ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯗꯦꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯈꯔꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯅꯛꯅꯕ ꯑꯥꯏꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯣꯂ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯅꯦꯅꯣ-ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯗ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫

ꯑꯣꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ "ꯗꯦꯛꯠ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ." ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯦꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁ: ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ ꯫

\kappa a<1

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯦꯕꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯕ ꯅꯦꯅꯣ-ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯟ-ꯄꯣꯂꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯈꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯫

ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ "ꯑꯣꯚꯂꯦꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯁꯤꯡ" ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯁꯅꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯦꯠ ꯗꯤꯁꯄꯔꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯃꯜꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯗꯤꯕꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕꯒ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯫

ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯲

ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯕꯜ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ (ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ.) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯅꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯐꯦꯁꯠ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯗ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯫

ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯲ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯔꯁ ꯗꯕꯜ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯄꯣꯠꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯗꯦ ꯫

ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯗꯕꯜ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯫

ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁ

ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ: ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩ ꯫ C, ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯏꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ:

C={\frac {d\sigma }{d\Psi }}

ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ σ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ψ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯅꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯲ ꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄ

ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯲ (ꯏ.ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯜ.) ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯗꯁꯣꯔꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ-ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯒ, ꯋꯥꯡꯅ ꯏ.ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯜ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯗ, ꯁꯣꯂ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯂꯩꯇꯕ ꯚꯔꯖꯤꯟ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯥꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯁꯣꯂ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝꯁꯤꯡ/ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯍꯛꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯂꯦꯞ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜ ꯑꯀꯟꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯎꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯗ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ “ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯇ꯭ꯔꯜ” ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯊꯣꯛꯏ, ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯗ꯫ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯂꯤꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯗ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ H⁺ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ OH^–ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁꯣꯂ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯨꯝꯅ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯏ.ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ-ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯇ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯂꯩ꯫^[꯹]

ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯲ꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯛꯁ

ꯑꯦꯔ-ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯇ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯲ (ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ.) ꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯜ-ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯀꯅꯁꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ, ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ (H₃ + ′) ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯟꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄ ꯔꯤꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯦꯝꯇꯣꯁꯦꯀꯟꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ-ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯜꯚ ꯚꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯤꯀꯣꯁꯦꯀꯟꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯝꯁꯀꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟ ꯀꯟꯁꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯣꯂꯨꯆꯣꯁꯀꯤ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯟ ꯏꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯄꯣꯏꯁꯣꯟ-ꯅꯔꯟꯁ꯭ꯠ-ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯛ ꯏꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯅꯟ-ꯏꯀ꯭ꯋꯤꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯝ ꯃꯣꯂꯦꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯛꯁ (ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯗꯤ. ′ ꯁꯤꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯟ-ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯂꯤꯡ) ꯅ, ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯀꯟꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯛ꯭ꯁꯄꯨ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯔꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯦꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯕꯥꯏ-ꯐꯣꯜꯀꯦꯅꯍꯒꯦꯟ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯅ ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯂꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯥꯏꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯆꯞꯆꯥꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯂꯨꯠ-ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫ ^[꯱꯰]

ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ

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↑ Kirby, B.J. (2010). Micro- and Nanoscale Fluid Mechanics: Transport in Microfluidic Devices..
↑ Jiang, Jingkun; Oberdörster, Günter; Biswas, Pratim (25 June 2008). "Characterization of size, surface charge, and agglomeration state of nanoparticle dispersions for toxicological studies". Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 11 (1): 77–89. Bibcode:2009JNR....11...77J. doi:10.1007/s11051-008-9446-4.
↑ Hanaor, D.A.H.; Ghadiri, M.; Chrzanowski, W.; Gan, Y. (2014). "Scalable Surface Area Characterization by Electrokinetic Analysis of Complex Anion Adsorption" (PDF). Langmuir. 30 (50): 15143–15152. arXiv:2106.03411. doi:10.1021/la503581e. PMID 25495551. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-05-17. Retrieved 2025-08-12.
↑ Lin, S.Q.; Xu, L.; Wang, A.C.; Wang, Z.L. (2020). "Quantifying electron-transfer and ion-transfer in liquid-solid contact electrification and the formation mechanism of electric double-layer". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 399. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-14278-9. PMC 6972942 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 31964882.
↑ Greco, A.; Imoto, S.; Backus, E. H. G.; Nagata, Y.; Hunger, J.; Bonn, M. (2025). "Ultrafast aqueous electric double layer dynamics". Science. 388 (6745): 405–410. Bibcode:2025Sci...388..405G. doi:10.1126/science.adu5781. PMID 40273265 Check |pmid= value (help).

[1] López-Ortiz, Manuel; Zamora, Ricardo A.; Giannotti, Marina Inés; Hu, Chen; Croce, Roberta; Gorostiza, Pau (February 2022). "Distance and Potential Dependence of Charge Transport Through the Reaction Center of Individual Photosynthetic Complexes". Small (in ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ). 18 (7): 2104366. doi:10.1002/smll.202104366. ISSN 1613-6810. PMID 34874621 Check |pmid= value (help). |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)

[2] "Zur Theorie der Elektrolytischen Doppelschicht". Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie. 30 (21–22): 508. 1924. doi:10.1002/bbpc.192400182.

[Grahame1947-3] Grahame, David C. (1947). "The Electrical Double Layer and the Theory of Electrocapillarity". Chemical Reviews. 41 (3): 441–501. doi:10.1021/cr60130a002. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 18895519.

[NakamuraSato2011-4] Nakamura, Masashi; Sato, Narumasa; Hoshi, Nagahiro; Sakata, Osami (2011). "Outer Helmholtz Plane of the Electrical Double Layer Formed at the Solid Electrode-Liquid Interface". ChemPhysChem. 12 (8): 1430–1434. doi:10.1002/cphc.201100011. ISSN 1439-4235. PMID 21557434.

[Bruus-5] Bruus, H. (2007). Theoretical Microfluidics.

[Kirby-6] Kirby, B.J. (2010). Micro- and Nanoscale Fluid Mechanics: Transport in Microfluidic Devices..

[7] Jiang, Jingkun; Oberdörster, Günter; Biswas, Pratim (25 June 2008). "Characterization of size, surface charge, and agglomeration state of nanoparticle dispersions for toxicological studies". Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 11 (1): 77–89. Bibcode:2009JNR....11...77J. doi:10.1007/s11051-008-9446-4.

[8] Hanaor, D.A.H.; Ghadiri, M.; Chrzanowski, W.; Gan, Y. (2014). "Scalable Surface Area Characterization by Electrokinetic Analysis of Complex Anion Adsorption" (PDF). Langmuir. 30 (50): 15143–15152. arXiv:2106.03411. doi:10.1021/la503581e. PMID 25495551. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-05-17. Retrieved 2025-08-12.

[9] Lin, S.Q.; Xu, L.; Wang, A.C.; Wang, Z.L. (2020). "Quantifying electron-transfer and ion-transfer in liquid-solid contact electrification and the formation mechanism of electric double-layer". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 399. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-14278-9. PMC 6972942 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 31964882.

[10] Greco, A.; Imoto, S.; Backus, E. H. G.; Nagata, Y.; Hunger, J.; Bonn, M. (2025). "Ultrafast aqueous electric double layer dynamics". Science. 388 (6745): 405–410. Bibcode:2025Sci...388..405G. doi:10.1126/science.adu5781. PMID 40273265 Check |pmid= value (help).

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