ꯖꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯅꯤꯁ

ꯖꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯅꯤꯁ
꯲꯰꯰꯷ꯇ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯅꯤꯁ
ꯄꯣꯛꯄ	ꯖꯣꯟ ꯃꯦꯊ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯱꯹꯵꯸ (ꯆꯍꯤ ꯶꯶–꯶꯷) ꯌꯨ ꯑꯦꯁ
ꯃꯍꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ	University of California, Berkeley (BS, PhD)
ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯊꯨꯝ	Fritz London Memorial Prize (2014) John Stewart Bell Prize (2021) Nobel Prize in Physics (2025)
Scientific career
ꯍꯤꯔꯝ	ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ
Thesis	Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling and Energy-Level Quantization in the Zero Voltage State of the Current-Biased Josephson Junction (꯱꯹꯸꯵)
Doctoral advisor	ꯖꯣꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯔ꯭ꯀꯦ

ꯖꯣꯟ ꯃꯦꯊ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯅꯤꯁ (꯱꯹꯵꯸ ꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯄ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯁꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯥ ꯕꯥꯔꯕꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯐꯣꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯌꯨ. ꯁꯤ. ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯥ ꯕꯥꯔꯕꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒꯨꯒꯜ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯅꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯒꯨꯒꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯂꯦꯕ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯤꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯅꯕ ꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯃꯣꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯔ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯹ ꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯦꯁꯤꯞꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯲꯵ ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯔꯀꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯆꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯐꯤꯅꯣꯃꯦꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯑꯉꯟꯕ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ

ꯖꯣꯟ ꯃꯦꯊ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯵꯸ꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯐꯣꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟ ꯄꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯗ ꯌꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯄꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯌꯦꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯄ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯗꯒꯤꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯚꯤꯁ ꯏꯊꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀꯣꯃꯤꯖꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯄ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯑꯦꯠ ꯖꯥꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯅ ꯀꯝꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯁ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯌꯨꯒꯣꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯚ꯭ꯌꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯥꯏꯇꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯇ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯍꯣꯡꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯕꯔꯀꯦꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯐꯣꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯇꯝꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯅꯤꯁꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯸꯰ꯗ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯕꯦꯆꯦꯂꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯸꯷ꯗ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛ꯭ꯁꯇ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯐꯣꯂꯣꯁꯣꯐꯤ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯦꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ, ꯖꯣꯁꯦꯐꯁꯟ ꯇꯅꯦꯜ ꯖꯪꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯐꯦꯁ ꯗꯤꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯦꯠꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛꯂꯣꯏꯗꯤ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯔꯀꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯄꯣꯁ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯣꯔꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯆꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯸꯵ ꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯔꯀꯦ, ꯗꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯠ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯅꯤꯁꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯋꯦꯚ ꯄꯜꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯖꯣꯁꯦꯐꯁꯟ ꯖꯡꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯤꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯡ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯁꯤꯟꯐꯝ

ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯗꯣꯀ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯂꯦꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯁꯔꯦꯌꯦꯠ ꯑꯦ ꯑꯦꯜ "ꯑꯦꯟꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯤꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯗꯦꯕꯥꯏꯁ (ꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯌꯨ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯐꯤꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ) ꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯕꯣꯜꯗꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔ꯭ꯗꯁ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ (ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯇꯤ.) ꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯦꯒꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯗꯤꯕꯤꯖꯟꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯰꯴ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯅꯤꯁꯅ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯐꯣꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ, ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯥ ꯕꯥꯔꯕꯔꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯂꯤꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯦꯛ꯭ꯁꯄꯦꯔꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯁꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯁ ꯋꯣꯔꯁꯇꯔ ꯆꯦꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯜ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯌꯨ. ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯕꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯈꯤꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯦꯕꯥꯏꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ <i id="mwhg">ꯁꯥꯏꯟ꯭ꯁ</i> ꯃꯦꯒꯥꯖꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯲꯰꯱꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯊ꯭ꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯗꯤ ꯏꯌꯔ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯌꯨ. ꯁꯤ. ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯥ ꯕꯥꯔꯕꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒꯨꯒꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯒꯨꯒꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯂꯦꯕ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯴ ꯗ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯤꯝꯕꯨ ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯃ꯭ꯂꯤꯌꯟꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯤꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯥꯅꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯤꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯹ꯗ ꯅꯦꯆꯔꯗ ꯆꯦ ꯑꯃ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯵꯳-ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯃꯣꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯣꯁꯔ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯦꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯅꯤꯁꯅ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯁꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯲꯰ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯜꯗ ꯒꯨꯒꯜꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯲꯰ꯗ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯅꯤꯁꯅ ꯑꯣꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯂꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯔ ꯃꯤꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯝꯃꯟꯁ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯠ-ꯑꯞ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯲꯲ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔ ꯆꯤꯞ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯦꯠ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯣꯂꯥꯕ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯏꯀꯥꯏꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ

ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯴ ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯤꯆꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯣꯕꯔꯠ ꯖꯦ. ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯣꯞ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯖ ꯂꯟꯗꯟ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔ꯭ꯌꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯲꯱ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯦꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟꯁꯇ ꯐꯟꯗꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯋꯔꯠ ꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯲꯵ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛꯂꯣꯏ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯔꯀꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯆꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯦꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯟꯅꯦꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫