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Draft:Katrina X Code Symbol

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Katrina X Code Symbol

The Katrina X code—also referred to as the search and rescue marking system or the Katrina Cross—is a standardized symbol used to document the status of structures inspected by disaster response teams. The system gained widespread visibility after Hurricane Katrina in 2005, when thousands of homes and buildings were marked by emergency workers conducting search and rescue operations.

Originally developed by FEMA’s Urban Search and Rescue (US&R) program, the symbol has since become a cultural icon associated with Hurricane Katrina’s impact and aftermath.

Houses in the Ninth Ward. bear the Katrina X Code also known as Katrina Cross several months after the devastating storm of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Photos by Christopher J. Rogers Sr., PhD

Structure and Meaning

The X-code consists of a large “X” spray-painted onto structures, with four quadrants:

  • Top: Date and time of the search
  • Left: Search unit or task force ID (e.g., LA-TF1)
  • Right: Hazards present (e.g., gas leaks, pets)
  • Bottom: Number of living or deceased occupants found

This system allowed search teams to communicate efficiently and avoid duplicate entries in high-risk areas.[1]

Historical Use

The system predates Hurricane Katrina and was used in other disaster zones, including the 1994 Northridge earthquake and the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing.[2] FEMA adopted the standardized spray-paint format in the early 2000s as part of its national training and operations protocols.

Usage During Hurricane Katrina

In August 2005, following the collapse of levees in New Orleans, US&R teams marked tens of thousands of homes, schools, and commercial buildings using the X-code. Particularly hard-hit neighborhoods like the Lower Ninth Ward, Lakeview, and New Orleans East were covered in orange or red paint. Teams marked an estimated 80% of structures with the spray-painted X-code symbol, especially in hard-hit areas like the Lower Ninth Ward, Gentilly, Lakeview, and New Orleans East.[3][4]

Many residents encountered the symbols on their return, which often served as the only information about whether anyone had searched the property or recovered victims.[5]

Cultural Impact and Interpretation

While the X-code was originally a practical emergency response tool, it has since become a visual and symbolic marker of the disaster. Some residents preserved the markings; others painted over them. Scholars, artists[6][7], and journalists[8] have explored the symbol’s significance in public memory, particularly in communities that experienced displacement or delayed recovery.

Projects like The X-Codes by curator Dorothy Moye documented the markings as part of a broader artistic and memorial archive.[9] Scholar Sarah Hirsch later coined the phrase “Katrina Cross” to describe the enduring emotional and rhetorical power of the symbol.[10]

20th Anniversary and Reuse of the Symbol

In August 2025, the 20th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina was marked by a series of public commemorations under the theme "Katrina 20." Events were hosted by the City of New Orleans, Hip Hop Caucus, Katrina Commemoration Foundation, and community groups. Programming included panel discussions featuring notable leaders like former New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin, Former US Vice President Al Gore, art exhibits, poetry readings, second-line parades, and wellness events.[11]

As part of the anniversary, a silver lapel pin based on the Katrina X-code design was distributed by local organizers and clothing brand Hustle God Clothing. The pin replicates the X-code structure and features 'K', "8-29", "20" and 0 in the quadrants. The design was on jerseys, t-shirts, towels, and pins worn by survivors, first responders, and officials during memorial marches and public events.[12]

Commemorative lapel pin bearing a Katrina X - Code design created by Hip Hop Caucus, Sess 4-5. and Hustle God Clothing for the 20th anniversary in August 2025.

The March and Second Line, an annual tradition that began in 2006 by activists Mia X and Sess 4-5, again started in the Lower Ninth Ward and ended at Hunter’s Field, with readings of the names of more than 1,400 Katrina victims and musical tributes.[13]

Legacy

The Katrina X-code remains one of the most recognizable symbols of the disaster. It has appeared in public art, academic research, museum exhibitions, and even fashion. For some, it represents survival and solidarity; for others, it recalls abandonment and systemic inequities in disaster response.[3]

Designer Mignon Faget created alternative commemorative item in the Beyond Katrina jewelry line, which drew on different architectural and cultural symbols rather than the X-code.[14]

More Background

  • 450-foot long mural on New Orleans' Lower Ninth Ward levee revealed during 20th Year anniversary of its breach. Design and execution was led by artist Brandan Odmus of Eternal Seeds/ StudioBe .[15]
  • "Memoirs of the Lower 9th Ward," by nationally known and respected photographers Chandra McCormick and Keith Calhoun [16]
  • Lower Ninth Ward Living Museum co-founded in 2011 by Dr. Caroline Heldman and Ian Breckenridge-Jackson in response to the slow rebuilding of the Lower Ninth Ward following Hurricane Katrina.
  • Katrina Commemorative marker at the site of the failed floodwall

References

  1. ^ Federal Emergency Management Agency. Urban Search & Rescue Field Operations Guide (FOG), Version 4.2, 2003.
  2. ^ Team, I. S. G. (2021-06-25). "Urban Search and Rescue Codes". Integrated Skills Group. Retrieved 2025-08-31.
  3. ^ a b "The art — and controversy — of Hurricane Katrina 'X-codes'." The Washington Post. 2015-08-29.
  4. ^ "The art — and controversy — of Hurricane Katrina 'X-codes'". The Washington Post. 2015-08-29. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2025-08-31.
  5. ^ Gold, Sean (2023-07-01). "Urban Search and Rescue Markings". TruePrepper. Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  6. ^ 'Hope Soars' painting provides 'symbol of hope' ahead of 20th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina. 2025-07-28. Retrieved 2025-08-31 – via www.wlox.com.
  7. ^ Sharifi, Creative Direction by David Caudle and Developed by Hamid. ""A Tale of Two Cities" Opening - Events - The New Orleans Academy of Fine Arts". www.noafa.org. Retrieved 2025-08-31.
  8. ^ Donneyrose. "Donney rose". Donney rose. Retrieved 2025-08-31.
  9. ^ Moye, Dorothy (2009-08-26). "The X-Codes: A Post-Katrina Postscript". Southern Spaces. doi:10.18737/m79c7s.
  10. ^ Hirsch, Sarah. “X Marks: Visual Memory and the Katrina Cross.” UCSB Humanities & Fine Arts, 2021.
  11. ^ City of New Orleans. “Katrina 20.” https://katrina20.nola.gov
  12. ^ Johnson, Austin (2025-07-28). "'Hope Soars' painting provides 'symbol of hope' ahead of 20th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina". WLOX. Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  13. ^ "Hurricane Katrina - The Annual March and Second Line". Katrina 20. Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  14. ^ NOheadlines (2025-07-28). "Mignon Faget Launches Beyond Katrina Designs to Honor 20 Years of Recovery and Strength". New Orleans Newswire. Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  15. ^ Brasted, Chelsea (2025-08-12). "Brandan "BMike" Odums, student artists create Lower Ninth Ward mural". Axios. Retrieved 2025-08-31.
  16. ^ Sutton, Will (2024-06-11). "Will Sutton: Lower 9th Ward public art may soon disappear. Visit soon". NOLA.com. Retrieved 2025-08-31.
hurricane damaged homes
Houses in the Ninth Ward. bear the Katrina X Code also known as Katrina Cross several months after the devastating storm of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Photos by Christopher J. Rogers Sr., PhD.

The Hurricane Katrina X-code (also referred to as the search and rescue marking system) was a system of symbols used by the Federal Emergency Management Agency's National Urban Search & Rescue Response System[1][2] (US&R) teams in the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in August 2005[3]. Spray-painted on homes and buildings, the symbols recorded critical information about search operations, hazards, and casualties. Over time, the X-code became one of the most widely recognized and emotionally resonant visual icons of the Katrina disaster. It became known as the "Katrina Cross" in 2021. [3][4]

Origin and Purpose

The X-code system[5] followed the US&R Field Operations Guide, originally developed by FEMA in the 1990s and updated in 2003. It was used by trained task forces in natural and man-made disaster zones, including earthquakes, tornadoes, and floods.

The marking was executed in the shape of an X, divided into four quadrants:

  • Top: Date and time of the search
  • Left: Identifier of the search unit (e.g., LA-TF1)
  • Right: Known or suspected hazards inside (e.g., gas, water, pets)
  • Bottom: Number of live or deceased victims found

This standardized system allowed rescuers to quickly communicate findings and avoid redundant searches, particularly during the chaotic days following the failure of the levees in New Orleans. FEMA X-mark gained significant public recognition after Hurricane Katrina.

Prior Uses

Prior to Hurricane Katrina, similar coding systems had been used in past disaster responses, notably by International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) and other emergency management agencies worldwide. FEMA had experimented with sticker-based versions of the code in the early 2000s, which were designed to be filled in with markers and adhered to windows. However, during Katrina, the scale and urgency of the disaster led most responders to default to spray paint, which was faster and more visible. It was recognized by the National Guard, local fire and police departments, the U.S. Coast Guard, DEA, and numerous volunteer groups such as the Cajun Navy. [3]

While most closely associated with Hurricane Katrina, the X-code system had previously been used during:

  • The 1994 Northridge earthquake in California
  • The 1995 Oklahoma City bombing
  • Other FEMA-led or coordinated rescue operations throughout the 1990s and early 2000s

However, Katrina marked the first time the symbol was used on such a large and visible scale, and the first time it became embedded in a national cultural consciousness.

Use During Hurricane Katrina

After Hurricane Katrina, FEMA and other local, state, and federal agencies deployed search teams throughout New Orleans and surrounding parishes. Teams marked an estimated 80% of structures with the spray-painted X-code symbol, especially in hard-hit areas like the Lower Ninth Ward, Gentilly, Lakeview, and New Orleans East.

Many residents returned to their homes to find markings that indicated whether anyone had entered, what dangers might still be inside, and whether victims had been recovered. The stark presence of these marks—often applied in bright orange or red—became a haunting visual record of the city’s trauma.

Symbolism and Cultural Legacy

Though originally a pragmatic rescue tool, the X-code became a symbol[3] of state response, communal grief, and survival. Some residents painted over the marks during reconstruction. Others chose to preserve them, treating them as historical, or spiritual artifacts.

The symbol quickly became a visual icon of the Hurricane Katrina disaster. In the years that followed, artists, activists, and residents of New Orleans incorporated the X-code into murals, exhibitions, and commemorative projects. Art consultant Dorothy Moye curated the X-Code photo project, which documented the marks as expressions of post-Katrina trauma, survival, and memory.[6] [7]The symbol has since been studied as a rhetorical and cultural artifact by scholars such as Sarah Hirsch[8], who coined the term "Katrina Cross" to describe its lasting emotional impact.

The Katrina X-code has since been displayed or interpreted in:

Some critics view the Katrina X-code as a symbol of abandonment, pointing to the slow government response and unequal recovery experienced by marginalized communities. Others see it as a sign of solidarity and the resilience of first responders and survivors. (Jewelry designer Mignon Faget created a commemorative piece, the Beyond Katrina,[15] featuring architectural motifs and the fleur‑de‑lis—but it is not an X‑code)

20th Anniversary Commemoration (2025)

In August 2025, to mark the 20th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina,[9][16] commemorative logo-branded jerseys, posters, and lapel pins[17] based on the original X code design were distributed by the New Orleans Katrina Commemoration Inc., Sess 4-5, Hustle God Clothing[14], and the Hip Hop Caucus. Worn by survivors, first responders, visitors[18], and attendees at anniversary events, city-hosted activities, and during the annual march and secondline,[19] the logo--created in 2019--includes the original quadrant structure used in 2005.

Commemorative lapel pin bearing the Katrina X - Code design created by Hip Hop Caucus and Hustle God Clothing. Jozef Syndicate photograph taken August 28, 2025

The logo was a quiet tribute, transforming the once-traumatic marking into a symbol of remembrance, endurance, and reclamation. The first march was organized by Sess 4-5 and Mia X in 2006. The march began at the Lower 9th Ward where the levees broke, with a healing ceremony and a reading of the names of those who died during and as a result of Hurricane Katrina. A brass band led the crowd in the New Orleans’ Second Line tradition to Hunter’s Field at the corner of North Claiborne Ave. and St Bernard Avenue.

  • Federal Emergency Management Agency. Urban Search & Rescue Field Operations Guide (FOG), Version 4.2, 2003. (PDF)
  • New Orleans Katrina Commemoration Inc. (katrina20.com)
  • Hurricane Katrina March and Second Line (https://katrina20.com/our-history/)

References

  1. ^ "Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)", SpringerReference, Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2011, doi:10.1007/springerreference_225387 (inactive 9 September 2025), retrieved 2025-08-30{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2025 (link)
  2. ^ Gold, Sean (2023-07-01). "Urban Search and Rescue Markings". TruePrepper. Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  3. ^ a b c d "The art — and controversy — of Hurricane Katrina 'X-codes'". The Washington Post. 2015-08-29. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  4. ^ Hirsch, Sarah. “X Marks: Visual Memory and the Katrina Cross,” UCSB Humanities & Fine Arts, 2021.
  5. ^ Team, I. S. G. (2021-06-25). "Urban Search and Rescue Codes". Integrated Skills Group. Retrieved 2025-08-31.
  6. ^ a b Moye, Dorothy (2009-08-26). "The X-Codes: A Post-Katrina Postscript". Southern Spaces. doi:10.18737/m79c7s. ISSN 1551-2754.
  7. ^ Moye, Dorothy (2010-08-26). "Katrina + 5: An X-Code Exhibition". Southern Spaces. doi:10.18737/m7s02f. ISSN 1551-2754.
  8. ^ a b "Decoding the Katrina Cross: A Visual Icon of New Orleans". Division of Humanities and Fine Arts. 2021-10-14. Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  9. ^ a b Johnson, Austin (2025-07-28). "'Hope Soars' painting provides 'symbol of hope' ahead of 20th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina". www.wlox.com. Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  10. ^ Louisiana Public Broadcasting (2025-08-29). An Unwelcome Muse | Katrina 20. Retrieved 2025-08-30 – via YouTube.
  11. ^ Sharifi, Creative Direction by David Caudle and Developed by Hamid. ""A Tale of Two Cities" Opening - Events - The New Orleans Academy of Fine Arts". www.noafa.org. Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  12. ^ Southern Ag Center (2015-08-28). Will It Be You. Retrieved 2025-08-30 – via YouTube.
  13. ^ National Geographic (2025-08-28). Worst Case Scenario (Full Episode) | Hurricane Katrina: Race Against Time | National Geographic. Retrieved 2025-08-30 – via YouTube.
  14. ^ a b "Instagram". www.instagram.com. Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  15. ^ NOheadlines (2025-07-28). "Mignon Faget Launches Beyond Katrina Designs to Honor 20 Years of Recovery and Strength". New Orleans Newswire (Press release). Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  16. ^ "Hurricane Katrina - The Annual March and Second Line". Katrina 20. Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  17. ^ Semien, Candace J. (August 30, 2025). "From Marking Loss to Wearing Resilience: The Legacy of the Katrina X". The Drum. Louisiana. p. 11. Retrieved August 30, 2025.
  18. ^ Semien, Candace J. (August 30, 2025). "An X on the chest is a reminder of what we carry". Jozef Syndicate.
  19. ^ Commemoration of the 20th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina | Funeral Parade. Retrieved 2025-08-30 – via www.youtube.com.

Category:Hurricane Katrina Category:Hurricane Katrina recovery in New Orleans Category:Symbolism (arts) Category:Katrina Cross Category:Katrina X Code Symbol


hurricane damaged homes
Houses in the Ninth Ward. bear the Katrina X Code also known as Katrina Cross several months after the devastating storm of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Photos by Christopher J. Rogers Sr., PhD.

The Hurricane Katrina X-code (also referred to as the search and rescue marking system) was a system of symbols used by the Federal Emergency Management Agency's National Urban Search & Rescue Response System[1][2] (US&R) teams in the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in August 2005[3]. Spray-painted on homes and buildings, the symbols recorded critical information about search operations, hazards, and casualties. Over time, the X-code became one of the most widely recognized and emotionally resonant visual icons of the Katrina disaster. It became known as the "Katrina Cross" in 2021. [3][4]

Origin and Purpose

The X-code system[5] followed the US&R Field Operations Guide, originally developed by FEMA in the 1990s and updated in 2003. It was used by trained task forces in natural and man-made disaster zones, including earthquakes, tornadoes, and floods.

The marking was executed in the shape of an X, divided into four quadrants:

  • Top: Date and time of the search
  • Left: Identifier of the search unit (e.g., LA-TF1)
  • Right: Known or suspected hazards inside (e.g., gas, water, pets)
  • Bottom: Number of live or deceased victims found

This standardized system allowed rescuers to quickly communicate findings and avoid redundant searches, particularly during the chaotic days following the failure of the levees in New Orleans. FEMA X-mark gained significant public recognition after Hurricane Katrina.

Prior Uses

Prior to Hurricane Katrina, similar coding systems had been used in past disaster responses, notably by International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) and other emergency management agencies worldwide. FEMA had experimented with sticker-based versions of the code in the early 2000s, which were designed to be filled in with markers and adhered to windows. However, during Katrina, the scale and urgency of the disaster led most responders to default to spray paint, which was faster and more visible. It was recognized by the National Guard, local fire and police departments, the U.S. Coast Guard, DEA, and numerous volunteer groups such as the Cajun Navy. [3]

While most closely associated with Hurricane Katrina, the X-code system had previously been used during:

  • The 1994 Northridge earthquake in California
  • The 1995 Oklahoma City bombing
  • Other FEMA-led or coordinated rescue operations throughout the 1990s and early 2000s

However, Katrina marked the first time the symbol was used on such a large and visible scale, and the first time it became embedded in a national cultural consciousness.

Use During Hurricane Katrina

After Hurricane Katrina, FEMA and other local, state, and federal agencies deployed search teams throughout New Orleans and surrounding parishes. Teams marked an estimated 80% of structures with the spray-painted X-code symbol, especially in hard-hit areas like the Lower Ninth Ward, Gentilly, Lakeview, and New Orleans East.

Many residents returned to their homes to find markings that indicated whether anyone had entered, what dangers might still be inside, and whether victims had been recovered. The stark presence of these marks—often applied in bright orange or red—became a haunting visual record of the city’s trauma.

Symbolism and Cultural Legacy

Though originally a pragmatic rescue tool, the X-code became a symbol[3] of state response, communal grief, and survival. Some residents painted over the marks during reconstruction. Others chose to preserve them, treating them as historical, or spiritual artifacts.

The symbol quickly became a visual icon of the Hurricane Katrina disaster. In the years that followed, artists, activists, and residents of New Orleans incorporated the X-code into murals, exhibitions, and commemorative projects. Art consultant Dorothy Moye curated the X-Code photo project, which documented the marks as expressions of post-Katrina trauma, survival, and memory.[6] [7]The symbol has since been studied as a rhetorical and cultural artifact by scholars such as Sarah Hirsch[8], who coined the term "Katrina Cross" to describe its lasting emotional impact.

The Katrina X-code has since been displayed or interpreted in:

Some critics view the Katrina X-code as a symbol of abandonment, pointing to the slow government response and unequal recovery experienced by marginalized communities. Others see it as a sign of solidarity and the resilience of first responders and survivors. (Jewelry designer Mignon Faget created a commemorative piece, the Beyond Katrina,[15] featuring architectural motifs and the fleur‑de‑lis—but it is not an X‑code)

20th Anniversary Commemoration (2025)

In August 2025, to mark the 20th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina,[9][16] commemorative logo-branded jerseys, posters, and lapel pins[17] based on the original X code design were distributed by the New Orleans Katrina Commemoration Inc., Sess 4-5, Hustle God Clothing[14], and the Hip Hop Caucus. Worn by survivors, first responders, visitors[18], and attendees at anniversary events, city-hosted activities, and during the annual march and secondline,[19] the logo--created in 2019--includes the original quadrant structure used in 2005.

Commemorative lapel pin bearing the Katrina X - Code design created by Hip Hop Caucus and Hustle God Clothing. Jozef Syndicate photograph taken August 28, 2025

The logo was a quiet tribute, transforming the once-traumatic marking into a symbol of remembrance, endurance, and reclamation. The first march was organized by Sess 4-5 and Mia X in 2006. The march began at the Lower 9th Ward where the levees broke, with a healing ceremony and a reading of the names of those who died during and as a result of Hurricane Katrina. A brass band led the crowd in the New Orleans’ Second Line tradition to Hunter’s Field at the corner of North Claiborne Ave. and St Bernard Avenue.

  • Federal Emergency Management Agency. Urban Search & Rescue Field Operations Guide (FOG), Version 4.2, 2003. (PDF)
  • New Orleans Katrina Commemoration Inc. (katrina20.com)
  • Hurricane Katrina March and Second Line (https://katrina20.com/our-history/)


References

  1. ^ "Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)", SpringerReference, Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2011, doi:10.1007/springerreference_225387 (inactive 31 August 2025), retrieved 2025-08-30{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2025 (link)
  2. ^ Gold, Sean (2023-07-01). "Urban Search and Rescue Markings". TruePrepper. Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  3. ^ a b c d "The art — and controversy — of Hurricane Katrina 'X-codes'". The Washington Post. 2015-08-29. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  4. ^ Hirsch, Sarah. “X Marks: Visual Memory and the Katrina Cross,” UCSB Humanities & Fine Arts, 2021.
  5. ^ Team, I. S. G. (2021-06-25). "Urban Search and Rescue Codes". Integrated Skills Group. Retrieved 2025-08-31.
  6. ^ a b Moye, Dorothy (2009-08-26). "The X-Codes: A Post-Katrina Postscript". Southern Spaces. doi:10.18737/m79c7s. ISSN 1551-2754.
  7. ^ Moye, Dorothy (2010-08-26). "Katrina + 5: An X-Code Exhibition". Southern Spaces. doi:10.18737/m7s02f. ISSN 1551-2754.
  8. ^ a b "Decoding the Katrina Cross: A Visual Icon of New Orleans". Division of Humanities and Fine Arts. 2021-10-14. Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  9. ^ a b Johnson, Austin (2025-07-28). "'Hope Soars' painting provides 'symbol of hope' ahead of 20th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina". www.wlox.com. Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  10. ^ Louisiana Public Broadcasting (2025-08-29). An Unwelcome Muse | Katrina 20. Retrieved 2025-08-30 – via YouTube.
  11. ^ Sharifi, Creative Direction by David Caudle and Developed by Hamid. ""A Tale of Two Cities" Opening - Events - The New Orleans Academy of Fine Arts". www.noafa.org. Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  12. ^ Southern Ag Center (2015-08-28). Will It Be You. Retrieved 2025-08-30 – via YouTube.
  13. ^ National Geographic (2025-08-28). Worst Case Scenario (Full Episode) | Hurricane Katrina: Race Against Time | National Geographic. Retrieved 2025-08-30 – via YouTube.
  14. ^ a b "Instagram". www.instagram.com. Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  15. ^ NOheadlines (2025-07-28). "Mignon Faget Launches Beyond Katrina Designs to Honor 20 Years of Recovery and Strength". New Orleans Newswire (Press release). Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  16. ^ "Hurricane Katrina - The Annual March and Second Line". Katrina 20. Retrieved 2025-08-30.
  17. ^ Semien, Candace J. (August 30, 2025). "From Marking Loss to Wearing Resilience: The Legacy of the Katrina X". The Drum. Louisiana. p. 11. Retrieved August 30, 2025.
  18. ^ Semien, Candace J. (August 30, 2025). "From Marking Death to Wearing Resilience: Seeing the Katrina X Code 20 years later". Jozef Syndicate.
  19. ^ Commemoration of the 20th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina | Funeral Parade. Retrieved 2025-08-30 – via www.youtube.com.

Category:Hurricane Katrina Category:Hurricane Katrina recovery in New Orleans Category:Symbolism (arts)


Category:Katrina Cross Category:Katrina X Code Symbol

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