Elections in Chad
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Chad holds elections on national level for a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The National Assembly (Assemblée Nationale) has 155 members, elected for a four-year term in 25 single-member constituencies and 34 multi-member constituencies. Chad is a one party dominant state with the Patriotic Salvation Movement in power, although according to the African Union, elections in Chad are generally free and fair. Human Rights Watch, however, has criticized the election process in Chad, arguing that they have problems such as electoral fraud, multiple voting, underage voting, and low voter turnout.[1]
History of elections
[edit]Former president, Idriss Déby, seized power in 1990 through a rebellion. The second election of Déby was reported by international observers to be fraudulent.[2] In 1997, parliamentary elections were held, with the MPS party of Déby winning 63 of the 125 seats existing at the time. International observers also claimed that these elections witnessed serious irregularities. In May 2001, Déby won the presidential election in the first round with 63% of the vote, but the election was considered to be fraudulent, and several opposition leaders were arrested after accusing the Chadian government of election fraud.[3] Because of prominent electoral irregularities in the previous elections in 2001 and 2006, the 2011 presidential election was boycotted by the major opposition parties, which resulted in Déby winning 89% of the vote in the first round.[4] Most recently, Déby was elected to his fifth term in 2016, after abolishing presidential term limits in 2004 by amending the Constitution of Chad.[5][6] Kodi Mahamat Bam, President of the Independent National Electoral Commission announced the postponement of legislative elections to April 2021. The stated reason was related to COVID-19.[7] On 20 April 2021 Idriss Déby was killed in battle against a group of rebels called FACT (the Front for Change and Concord in Chad).[8] His son Mahamat Déby is now president.[9]
Latest elections
[edit]Presidential elections
[edit]| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mahamat Déby | Patriotic Salvation Movement | 3,777,279 | 61.00 | |
| Succès Masra | Les Transformateurs | 1,148,245 | 18.54 | |
| Albert Pahimi Padacké | National Rally for Democracy in Chad | 1,048,015 | 16.93 | |
| Lydie Beassemda | Party for Integral Democracy and Independence | 59,632 | 0.96 | |
| Théophile Bongoro | Party for Rally and Equity in Chad | 46,784 | 0.76 | |
| Alladoum Djarma | Chadian Socialist Action for Renewal | 33,765 | 0.55 | |
| Brice Guedmbaye | Movement of Patriotic Chadians for the Republic | 27,848 | 0.45 | |
| Yacine Abdramane Sakine | Reformist Party | 22,328 | 0.36 | |
| Mansiri Lopsikréo | Les Élites | 15,147 | 0.24 | |
| Nasra Djimasngar | A New Day | 12,738 | 0.21 | |
| Total | 6,191,781 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 6,191,781 | 99.62 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 23,463 | 0.38 | ||
| Total votes | 6,215,244 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 8,202,207 | 75.78 | ||
| Source: Africa 24 | ||||
Parliamentary elections
[edit]Provisional results were published on 12 January 2025,[10] showing that the ruling Patriotic Salvation Movement party won 124 out of 188 seats on a voter turnout of 52%.[11]
 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
| Patriotic Salvation Movement | 1,814,429 | 45.18 | 124 | |
| National Rally of Chadian Democrats | 279,653 | 6.96 | 11 | |
| Rally for Democracy and Progress | 242,821 | 6.05 | 8 | |
| National Union for Democracy and Renewal | 156,758 | 3.90 | 7 | |
| Al Wassat | 78,043 | 1.94 | 1 | |
| Reformist Party | 72,344 | 1.80 | 1 | |
| Party for Liberty and Development | 61,090 | 1.52 | 2 | |
| Movement for Unity and Renewal | 50,439 | 1.26 | 1 | |
| Chadian Convention for Peace and Development | 50,094 | 1.25 | 1 | |
| Union for the Refoundation of Chad | 41,710 | 1.04 | 0 | |
| Chadian Democratic Union | 41,258 | 1.03 | 1 | |
| Peace and Social Cohesion Party | 38,948 | 0.97 | 3 | |
| Party for Liberty and Development/Reformist Party | 38,814 | 0.97 | 1 | |
| Union for Renewal and Democracy | 35,852 | 0.89 | 2 | |
| National Rally for Development and Progress | 32,022 | 0.80 | 1 | |
| National Action for Development | 28,985 | 0.72 | 1 | |
| Party for Integral Democracy and Independence | 28,340 | 0.71 | 1 | |
| Movement of Chadian Patriots for the Republic | 27,391 | 0.68 | 2 | |
| Party for Rally and Equity in Chad | 26,649 | 0.66 | 1 | |
| Action for the Republic, Democracy and Development | 26,159 | 0.65 | 1 | |
| Democratic and Socialist Party for Alternation | 25,991 | 0.65 | 1 | |
| Movement for Democracy and Socialism in Chad | 23,990 | 0.60 | 1 | |
| Popular Action Framework for Solidarity and Unity of the Republic | 23,185 | 0.58 | 1 | |
| National People's Convention | 22,560 | 0.56 | 0 | |
| National Movement for Change in Chad | 20,878 | 0.52 | 1 | |
| Al Nassour | 20,804 | 0.52 | 1 | |
| Union of Democratic and Republican Forces | 19,254 | 0.48 | 1 | |
| AS | 17,463 | 0.43 | 0 | |
| Chadian Socialist Action for Renewal | 17,382 | 0.43 | 1 | |
| Les Elites | 17,341 | 0.43 | 0 | |
| Union of Democratic Forces | 15,416 | 0.38 | 1 | |
| Ensemble pour la République | 15,028 | 0.37 | 0 | |
| Movement for Equality and Citizens' Rally | 14,374 | 0.36 | 1 | |
| Gathering of the United Sons of Chad for Development | 14,264 | 0.36 | 0 | |
| National Democratic and Social Convention | 14,253 | 0.35 | 1 | |
| A New Day | 13,665 | 0.34 | 1 | |
| Horizon Movement for Democracy | 13,610 | 0.34 | 0 | |
| Party of Democrats and Socialists | 13,579 | 0.34 | 1 | |
| Party of Democrats for Renewal | 13,101 | 0.33 | 0 | |
| United Chad Party for Development | 12,581 | 0.31 | 0 | |
| Chadian National Social Democratic Congress | 12,293 | 0.31 | 0 | |
| Democratic Party of the Chadian People | 12,110 | 0.30 | 1 | |
| Federation, Action for the Republic | 11,684 | 0.29 | 0 | |
| National Democratic and Social Convention/Al Nassour | 11,331 | 0.28 | 0 | |
| United People | 10,801 | 0.27 | 0 | |
| New Breath for the Republic | 10,573 | 0.26 | 0 | |
| Popular Front for Liberation | 10,310 | 0.26 | 1 | |
| Rally for Progress and Social Justice | 9,678 | 0.24 | 0 | |
| Dynamic Republican Alliance | 9,403 | 0.23 | 1 | |
| Union of Resistance Forces | 9,184 | 0.23 | 0 | |
| UPPP | 8,484 | 0.21 | 0 | |
| Alliance 43 | 8,463 | 0.21 | 0 | |
| La Nouvelle Génération | 8,032 | 0.20 | 0 | |
| Artisans of a New Chad | 7,976 | 0.20 | 0 | |
| A Nation for All | 7,735 | 0.19 | 0 | |
| Party for Unity and Reconstruction | 7,351 | 0.18 | 0 | |
| Convention for Democracy and Federalism | 7,059 | 0.18 | 0 | |
| African Democratic Party | 6,969 | 0.17 | 0 | |
| Movement for the Renewal of Chad | 6,805 | 0.17 | 0 | |
| RDR | 6,739 | 0.17 | 0 | |
| People's Party for Change | 6,583 | 0.16 | 0 | |
| Alliance for Democracy, Integrity and Freedom | 6,562 | 0.16 | 0 | |
| AFR | 6,486 | 0.16 | 0 | |
| Party for Unity and Democracy | 6,456 | 0.16 | 0 | |
| National Alliance for Democracy and Change | 6,430 | 0.16 | 0 | |
| National Action for Development/Renovated | 6,286 | 0.16 | 0 | |
| Popular Front for the Federation | 6,188 | 0.15 | 0 | |
| Union of Democrats for Development | 6,155 | 0.15 | 0 | |
| Party for Democracy and Reconciliation in Chad | 5,898 | 0.15 | 0 | |
| Party for Democratic Renewal in Chad | 5,887 | 0.15 | 0 | |
| AFD | 5,773 | 0.14 | 0 | |
| Al Wihda | 5,571 | 0.14 | 0 | |
| Convergence for Social Democracy | 5,498 | 0.14 | 0 | |
| Al Takhadoum | 5,280 | 0.13 | 0 | |
| Nida Al Watan | 5,122 | 0.13 | 0 | |
| Action for Renewal of Chad | 4,957 | 0.12 | 0 | |
| Rally for the Republic – Lingui | 4,754 | 0.12 | 0 | |
| Popular Front for the Liberation of the South | 4,716 | 0.12 | 0 | |
| Socialist Party of Chad | 4,689 | 0.12 | 1 | |
| Les Leaders | 4,456 | 0.11 | 1 | |
| March for the Reestablishment of Harmony | 4,395 | 0.11 | 0 | |
| Union of the Chadian People for National Reconciliation | 4,203 | 0.10 | 0 | |
| Movement for Rally and Justice | 4,121 | 0.10 | 0 | |
| People's Party for the Strengthening of Democracy | 3,999 | 0.10 | 0 | |
| Al Djamaa | 3,953 | 0.10 | 0 | |
| Liberal Party for the Emancipation and Progress of Chad | 3,750 | 0.09 | 0 | |
| Citizen in Search of Happiness | 3,729 | 0.09 | 0 | |
| National Democratic Union for Change | 3,659 | 0.09 | 0 | |
| RA (Rally for Democracy and Progress/Action for Renewal of Chad) | 3,556 | 0.09 | 0 | |
| MPD | 3,440 | 0.09 | 0 | |
| UPPP/FORT | 3,432 | 0.09 | 0 | |
| Party for Democracy and Social Justice | 3,367 | 0.08 | 0 | |
| Party for Justice and Freedom | 3,325 | 0.08 | 0 | |
| Rally of the People of Chad | 3,175 | 0.08 | 0 | |
| Chadian Progressive Party | 3,161 | 0.08 | 0 | |
| UNDR/Chadian Social Democrats Front | 3,150 | 0.08 | 0 | |
| Party for the Development and Continuity of Chad | 3,111 | 0.08 | 0 | |
| PPST | 2,870 | 0.07 | 0 | |
| RARE | 2,841 | 0.07 | 0 | |
| Le Republicain | 2,742 | 0.07 | 0 | |
| Movement for the National Reconstruction of Chad | 2,712 | 0.07 | 0 | |
| Emergence for the Development of Chad | 2,633 | 0.07 | 0 | |
| CAP SUR/Rally for the Republic – Lingui | 2,633 | 0.07 | 0 | |
| Chadian Alliance for Development | 2,571 | 0.06 | 1 | |
| Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne | 2,549 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| People's Party for Freedom | 2,522 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| Youth Movement for Economic and Social Recovery | 2,491 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| Alliance of Resistant Democrats | 2,490 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| Les Serviteurs | 2,473 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| Party for National Unity, Democracy, Dialogue and Development of Chad | 2,470 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| People's Party for Democratic Change | 2,460 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| Attayar Al-Islahi | 2,417 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| Union for Democracy, Development and Justice in Chad | 2,406 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| National Salvation Movement of Chad | 2,383 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| National Demobilization and Reintegration Program | 2,364 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| Ensemble pour le 9ème | 2,322 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| Patriotic Front for Democracy | 2,304 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| National Convergence for the Salvation of the People | 2,291 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| Mojes | 2,266 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| Chadian Party for Renewal and Development | 2,221 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| Union of Progressive Workers for Cohesion | 2,194 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| nouvelle generation pol | 2,177 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| African Democratic Movement | 2,161 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| Tawafouk | 2,123 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| Chadian Action for Unity and Socialism | 2,120 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| Union for Democracy and the Republic/Social Democratic Party | 2,021 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| Union for the National Democratic Upsurge | 2,001 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| Popular Movement for Reform | 1,984 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| Union for Peace and Democracy | 1,954 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| National Convention for Peace and Development in Chad/Action | 1,946 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| Citizens Party of Chad | 1,912 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| Federation, Action for the Republic Bis | 1,853 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| MCC | 1,830 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| New Vision | 1,824 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| Alliance Baobab | 1,797 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| CNAD | 1,794 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| RDDP | 1,738 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| Revolutionary Movement for Democracy and Peace | 1,711 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| People's Alliance for the Republic/Trompette | 1,677 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| Party for Democratic Development and Freedoms | 1,661 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| People's Movement for Justice and Equality | 1,625 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| People's Movement for Alternation | 1,614 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| Rally for Justice and the Environment | 1,571 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| Generation Consciente | 1,557 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| Les Refondeurs | 1,529 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| People's Movement for Democracy in Chad | 1,510 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| National Movement for Democracy and Alternation in Chad | 1,443 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| Socialist Alliance for Integral Renewal | 1,441 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| Chadian People's Liberation Party | 1,438 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| Rally of Nationalists for Democracy and Development | 1,418 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| People's Alliance for the Republic | 1,389 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| Chadian Union for Renaissance | 1,380 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| Party of Chadian Socialist Intellectuals for Evolution | 1,360 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| RDT/C | 1,324 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| CSDT | 1,304 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| The Reformers | 1,278 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| Party for Reform and Economic Independence | 1,264 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| National Movement for Reconstruction/Democratic Rally | 1,215 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| Rally for Democracy and Socialism in Chad | 1,096 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| Rally for Democracy and Progress/Renewed | 1,060 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| New Breath for the Republic/Popular Movement for Reform | 1,014 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| Popular Party for Social Justice/Workers Front for the Redemption of Chad | 995 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| MJL | 994 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Party for National Unity, Dialogue and Democracy | 945 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Union of Forces for Change and Justice | 921 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Social Democratic Party | 898 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Chadian Democratic Party | 884 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Rally of People for Democratic Alternation | 872 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Alliance of the Forces of Progress | 836 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Union for the Democratic Republic of Chad | 803 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Popular Party for Justice and Equality | 730 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| UFDD/F1 | 702 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Movement for Democracy and Justice in Chad | 566 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| Movement for Freedom, Peace and Renewal in Chad | 476 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| PPDST | 419 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| PCDD | 403 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| Communist Party of Work to the People of Chad | 385 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| Movement of Upright and Democratic Citizens | 264 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| ASR | 175 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Movement for Justice and Peace in Chad | 165 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| African Socialist Movement/Renewed | 57 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| National Union | 20 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Total | 4,016,020 | 100.00 | 188 | |
| Valid votes | 4,016,020 | 95.05 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 209,294 | 4.95 | ||
| Total votes | 4,225,314 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 8,066,326 | 52.38 | ||
References
[edit]- ^ World Report Book 2008. Human Rights Watch. <https://www.hrw.org/wr2k8/pdfs/wr2k8_web.pdf>
- ^ Nohlen, D, Krennerich; M Thibaut, B (1999). Elections in Africa: A data handbook. p. 238. ISBN 0-19-829645-2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Chad Country Report". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
- ^ "Chad's president Idriss Deby re-elected amid boycott". bbc.com. British Broadcasting Corporation. 10 May 2011. Archived from the original on 2016-11-26. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
- ^ Nako, Madjiasra (10 April 2016). "Chad holds presidential election as Deby vies to extend rule". reuters.com. Thomson Reuters. Archived from the original on 2016-11-26. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
- ^ "The World Factbook - Chad". cia.gov. United States Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
- ^ "Free Access to Selected Content". 10 April 2019.
- ^ "Chad's President Idriss Déby dies after clashes with rebels". 2021-04-20. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "Chad's new leader - Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno". 2021-04-21. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "Tchad: proclamation des résultats provisoires globaux des législatives du 29 décembre". Radio France International. 2025-01-12. Retrieved 2025-01-12.
- ^ "Chad's ruling party wins majority in parliamentary election boycotted by main opposition". AP News. 2025-01-12. Retrieved 2025-01-12.
