Expression of concern
In academic publishing, an expression of concern is a notice issued by a publisher against a particular publication, warning that it may contain errors or be otherwise untrustworthy.[1]
Definitions
[edit]Expressions of concern are part of the post-publication process used to maintain the integrity of the scientific record. They are typically issued when credible allegations regarding the validity or ethics of a study arise, but conclusive evidence is not yet available to justify a retraction or correction. In such cases, journal editors may publish a statement indicating that concerns have been raised and that the article is under investigation[2].
Guidelines and Editorial Practices
[edit]Publishing practices around expressions of concern vary between journals and publishers. The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) recommends their use[2] when:
- There is inconclusive evidence of research or publication misconduct.
- There is evidence that the findings are unreliable, but the authors' institution has not investigated or refused to investigate.
- An investigation is ongoing and a judgment is not yet available.
The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors also acknowledges the role of expressions of concern in its 2019 recommendations that a publisher may choose to issue an expression of concern while an investigation of alleged scientific misconduct is ongoing, and pending its outcome.[3]
COPE further advises that expressions of concern should be clearly labeled, linked to the original article, and should explain the reasons for the concern without making definitive conclusions.
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Morris et al. 2013, p. 375.
- ^ a b "Expressions of concern". COPE: Committee on Publication Ethics. Archived from the original on 2024-12-11. Retrieved 2025-08-21.
- ^ ICMJE 2019.
References
[edit]- COPE Notes. "COPE Forum 26 February 2018: Expressions of concern" (PDF). Committee on Publication Ethics.
- ICMJE. "Scientific Misconduct, Expressions of Concern, and Retraction". International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. December 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
- Morris S, Barnas E, LaFrenier D, Reich M (2013). The Handbook of Journal Publishing. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107020856.
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