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Institute of Computing Technology

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Institute of Computing Technology building entrance

The Institute of Computing Technology (ICT; 中国科学院计算技术研究所) is a research institute under the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The institute was established in 1956 as China's first specialized institution engaged in computer research. It has developed the first and many other general-purpose digital computers in China, and spin-offed the Institute of Software, Lenovo, Dawning, Loongson, etc.[1][2][3][4]

History

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When the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was founded in Beijing in 1956, it rented Building 3 of Xiyuan Hotel as a temporary residence for offices and laboratories. It moved to Zhongguancun in February 1958. In the same year, the first general-purpose digital electronic computer of China, the 103, was successfully developed at the institute.[5]: 100 [6]

Shortly after the founding of the Institute, in 1960, the Sino-Soviet split forced Chinese computing to continue developing in isolation: the USSR recalled its technical advisers from the country.[7][8]

Model 119

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In 1964, ICT successfully produced China's first self-developed large digital computer, the 119. The 119 was a core technology in facilitating China's first successful nuclear weapon test (Project 596), also in 1964.[5]: 101 [9][6]

Model 111 & Model 013

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By 1972, the Institute, which now comprised 1,000 employees and ten laboratories, had produced the 48-bit Model 111, the first computer built entirely with Chinese-produced integrated circuitry.[10] Speed could reach 180 kiloflops.[11] A visiting delegation of American computer scientists noted with astonishment that the country had succeeded in producing a third-generation computer with virtually no external assistance.[12][13] In 1976, Model 013 debuted, with 48-bit architecture and 768K core memory. The 013 ran a FORTRAN compiler, a full OS, and "a BCY compiler for a Chinese designated programming language."[14]

The institute is the birthplace of China's first general-purpose CPU chip as well. It is also the R&D base of China's high-performance computers.[4]

In addition, the Institute has successively spin-offed several research institutes and high-tech enterprises, including the Institute of Software, Lenovo, Dawning, Loongson and Cambricon.[2][3]

Research

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The mission of the institute is to advance scientific discoveries and technological innovations in computer science and technology, strives to become a world-class research institute, and to contribute to the economic development and social sustainability of China and the world.[4]

There are the research divisions of Microprocessor, Computer System, Network, Data Science and Artificial Intelligence; which in turn owns the national Key Laboratory of Processors, the High Performance Computer Research Center, the Network Technology Research Center (NTRC), the Key Laboratory of Network Data Science and Technology, and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, etc. The institute also hosts the national core journals of Journal of Computer Research and Development (计算机研究与发展, in Chinese), Chinese Journal of Computers (计算机学报, in Chinese) and Journal of Computer Science and Technology.[15][16]

Teaching

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The institute also hosts the School of Computer Science of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), offering various programs in computer science and technology at undergraduate, master and PhD levels. Since 1960, the institute has cultivated more than 6,000 graduates.[4]

Address

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The institute is located at: 6 Kexueyuan Nanlu, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing, China

Email : ictoffice@ict.ac.cn[4]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Z. Jiuchun and Z. Baichun (2007). "Founding of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of Computing Technology". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 29 (1). IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 16-33: 16–33. Bibcode:2007IAHC...29a..16J. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2007.6.
  2. ^ a b "历史沿革 (History)" (in Chinese). Institute of Software, CAS. 2016.
  3. ^ a b Ling, Zhijun (2006). The Lenovo Affair. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-82193-0.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Brief Introduction". Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT). 2025.
  5. ^ a b Mullaney, Thomas S. (2024). The Chinese Computer: a Global History of the Information Age. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 9780262047517.
  6. ^ a b "从零开始的中国计算机事业发展史 (The history of the development of China's computer industry from scratch)" (in Chinese). 中国科学报 (China Science Daily). 2023-07-28.
  7. ^ Mullaney, Tom (2016-08-04). "The Origins of Chinese Supercomputing". Foreign Affairs. ISSN 0015-7120. Archived from the original on 2023-07-06. Retrieved 2025-09-02.
  8. ^ Mullaney, Thomas S. (2024-05-28). The Chinese Computer: A Global History of the Information Age. MIT Press. pp. 100–101. ISBN 978-0-262-04751-7.
  9. ^ "历史沿革 (Hisrory)" (in Chinese). Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 2025.
  10. ^ Logsdon, Stephen (2017-01-09). "A Groundbreaking 1972 Learning Expedition to China". Becker Medical Library. Retrieved 2025-09-02.
  11. ^ "Computer Resurrection Issue 19". www.computerconservationsociety.org. Retrieved 2025-09-02.
  12. ^ Cheatham, Thomas E.; Clark, Wesley A.; Holt, Anatol W.; Ornstein, Severo M.; Perlis, Alan J.; Simon, Herbert A. (1973-10-12). "Computing in China: A Travel Report". Science. 182 (4108): 134–140. doi:10.1126/science.182.4108.134.
  13. ^ Cheatham, Thomas E.; Clark, Wesley A.; Holt, Anatol W.; Ornstein, Severo M.; Perlis, Alan J.; Simon, Herbert A. (1973-10-12). "Computing in China: A Travel Report". Science. 182 (4108): 134–140. doi:10.1126/science.182.4108.134. Archived from the original on 2024-09-18. Retrieved 2025-09-02.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  14. ^ Advances in Computers. Academic Press. 1988-07-01. p. 372. ISBN 978-0-08-056659-7.
  15. ^ "2024年中国科技核心期刊目录（自然科学卷）(2024 China Science and Technology Core Journals Catalog (Natural Science Volume))" (PDF). 中国科学技术信息研究所 (Chinese Institute of Scientific and Technological Information). 2024-09-20.
  16. ^ "Research Divisions" (in Chinese). Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 2025.
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