凱斯·桑斯坦
| 凱斯·桑斯坦 Cass Sunstein | |
|---|---|
.jpg?lang=zh) 凱斯·桑斯坦，攝影於2008年 | |
| 出生 | 凱斯·羅伯特·桑斯坦 1954年9月21日  美国馬薩諸塞州康科德 |
| 教育程度 | 哈佛大學(文學士及法學博士) |
| 机构 | 哈佛大學法學院 芝加哥大學法學院 |
| 政党 | 美國民主黨 |
| 奖项 | 郝爾拜獎(2018年) |
主要领域 | 憲法、行政法 |
著名思想 | 助推理論 |
凱斯·羅伯特·桑斯坦（英語：Cass Robert Sunstein，或譯桑思汀[1]，1954年9月21日—）[2]，美國法律學者，他的專業領域為憲法、行政法、環境法以及法律經濟行為。
生平
[编辑]他曾在2009年至2012年之間擔任歐巴馬政府的白宮資訊及管制事務辦公室主任[3]，並曾任教於芝加哥大學法學院達27年之久；現在，桑斯坦為哈佛法學院的羅伯特·沃姆斯利講座教授[4]。[5][6][1]
早年生活與教育
[编辑]桑斯坦於1954年9月21日出生在麻薩諸塞州沃班，父母分別是教師瑪麗安（娘家姓古德里奇，Marian née Goodrich）與建築商卡斯·理查德·桑斯坦（Cass Richard Sunstein），兩人均為猶太人。[2][7][8] 他曾表示，青少年時期曾短暫迷戀安·蘭德（Ayn Rand）的著作，「但在大約六週的沉迷之後，她的書開始讓我感到不適。她對大多數人類抱持輕蔑，對人性的脆弱毫不寬容，不斷強調再分配的道德罪惡，讓我產生了一種幽閉感。」[9][10]
桑斯坦於 1972 年畢業於米德爾塞克斯中學（Middlesex School），之後進入哈佛大學就讀，曾是校代表隊壁球隊成員，也是《哈佛笑話刊》的編輯之一。1975 年，他以優等榮譽（Magna Cum Laude）取得文學學士學位。隨後，他進入哈佛法學院，擔任《哈佛民權－公民自由法律評論》的執行編輯，並是艾姆斯模擬法庭競賽的獲勝隊成員之一。1978 年，他以優等榮譽（Magna Cum Laude）取得法學博士（Juris Doctor）學位。
個人生活
[编辑]在1980年代至1990年代初期，桑斯坦與 Lisa Ruddick 結婚，兩人是在哈佛大學就讀本科時相識的。[11] Ruddick 曾任芝加哥大學英語副教授，專攻英國現代主義文學，現已退休。[12] 他們的婚姻最終以離婚收場，女兒 Ellyn 是一名記者與攝影師。[13] 此後，桑斯坦與瑪莎·努斯鮑姆交往近十年。[14] 努斯鮑姆是哲學家、古典學家，以及芝加哥大學法律學教授。[15]
2008年7月4日，桑斯坦與薩曼莎·鮑爾結婚。鮑爾是一位外交官與政府官員，曾擔任美國駐聯合國大使，兩人是在共同擔任巴拉克·歐巴馬競選顧問時相識的。[16] 婚禮在愛爾蘭凱里郡沃特維爾的洛哈鎮聖母無染原罪教堂舉行。[17] 他們育有兩個孩子：一子（2009年出生）[18] 和一女（2012年出生）。[19]
桑斯坦還是一名熱衷的業餘壁球選手，曾在職業壁球協會（PSA）錦標賽中對戰職業選手，[20] 並於2017年在該協會的世界排名中位列第449名。[21]
榮譽
[编辑]2017年7月，桑斯坦當選為英國國家學術院通訊院士（FBA），該學術院是英國的人文與社會科學國家學院。[22]
2018年，他因「重塑了我們對現代監管國家與憲法之間關係的理解」而獲得霍爾堡獎。他被廣泛認為是美國行政法領域的領軍學者，並且是美國乃至全球被引用次數最多的法律學者。[23]
著作
[编辑]書籍
[编辑]1990–1999
- Sunstein, Cass R. Feminism and Political Theory
. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press. 1990. ISBN 978-0-226-78008-5. - Sunstein, Cass R.; Stone, Geoffrey R.; Epstein, Richard A. The Bill of Rights and the Modern State. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. 1992. ISBN 978-0-226-77532-6.
- Sunstein, Cass R. After the Rights Revolution: Reconceiving the Regulatory State. Harvard: Harvard University Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-674-00909-7.
- Sunstein, Cass R. The Partial Constitution. Harvard: Harvard University Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-674-65478-5.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Democracy and the problem of free speech. New York: The Free Press. 1995. ISBN 978-0-02-874000-3.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Legal Reasoning and Political Conflict. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1996. ISBN 978-0-19-511804-9.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Free Markets and Social Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1997. ISBN 978-0-19-510273-4.
- Sunstein, Cass R.; Nussbaum, Martha C. Clones and Clones: Facts and Fantasies about Human Cloning. New York London: W.W. Norton. 1999. ISBN 978-0-393-32001-5.
- Sunstein, Cass R. One Case at a Time: Judicial Minimalism on the Supreme Court. Harvard: Harvard University Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0-674-00579-2.
2000–2009
- Sunstein, Cass R.; Holmes, Stephen. The Cost of Rights: Why Liberty Depends on Taxes. New York London: W. W. Norton. 2000. ISBN 978-0-393-04670-0.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Behavioral Law and Economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-521-66743-2.
- Sunstein, Cass R.; Epstein, Richard A. The Vote: Bush, Gore & the Supreme Court. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2001. ISBN 978-0-226-21307-1.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Designing Democracy: What Constitutions Do. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001. ISBN 978-0-19-514542-7.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Republic.com. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2001. ISBN 978-0-691-07025-4.
- Sunstein, Cass R.; Hastie, Reid; Payne, John W.; Schkade, David; Viscusi, W. Kip. Punitive Damages: How Juries Decide. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-226-78015-3.
- Sunstein, Cass R. The Cost-Benefit State: The Future of Regulatory Protection. Chicago, Illinois: American Bar Association. 2002. ISBN 978-1-59031-054-0.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Risk and reason: Safety, law, and the environment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-521-01625-4.
- Translation: Sunstein, Cass R. Riesgo y razón. Seguridad, ley y medioambiente. Buenos Aires Madrid: Katz Editores. 2006. ISBN 978-84-609-8350-7 （西班牙语）.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Why Societies Need Dissent. Harvard: Harvard University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-674-01268-4.
- Sunstein, Cass R.; Nussbaum, Martha. Animal Rights: Current Debates and New Directions. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-19-530510-4.
- Sunstein, Cass R. The Laws of Fear: Beyond the Precautionary Principle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-521-61512-9. (based on the Seeley Lectures 2004 at Cambridge University)
- Translation: Sunstein, Cass R. Leyes de miedo: Más allá del principio de precaución. Buenos Aires Madrid: Katz Editores. 2009. ISBN 978-84-96859-61-6 （西班牙语）.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Radicals in Robes: Why Extreme Right-Wing Courts are Wrong for America. New York: Basic Books. 2005. ISBN 978-0-465-08327-5.
- Sunstein, Cass R. The Second Bill of Rights: Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Unfinished Revolution and Why We Need It More Than Ever. New York: Basic Books. 2006. ISBN 978-0-465-08333-6.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Infotopia: How Many Minds Produce Knowledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-19-534067-9.
- Sunstein, Cass R.; Schkade, David; Ellman, Lisa; Sawicki, Andres. Are Judges Political? An Empirical Investigation of the Federal Judiciary. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8157-8234-6.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Republic.com 2.0. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-691-13356-0.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Worst-Case Scenarios. Harvard: Harvard University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-674-03251-4.
- Sunstein, Cass R.; Thaler, Richard. Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-14-311526-7.
- Translation: Un pequeño empujón. Barcelona: Taurus. 2009. ISBN 978-607-31-6206-7 （西班牙语）.
- 《推出你的影響力》[24]
- Sunstein, Cass R. Going to Extremes: How Like Minds Unite and Divide. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-975412-0.
- Sunstein, Cass R. On Rumors: How Falsehoods Spread, Why We Believe Them, What Can Be Done. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-691-16250-8.
2010 onwards
- Sunstein, Cass R. Law and Happiness. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-226-67600-5.
- Sunstein, Cass R.; Breyer, Stephen G.; Stewart, Richard B.; Vermeule, Adrian; Herz, Michael. Administrative Law and Regulatory Policy: Problems, Text, and Cases 7th. New York: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business. 2011. ISBN 978-0-7355-8744-1.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Simpler: The Future of Government. New York: Simon & Schuster. 2013. ISBN 978-1-4767-2659-5.
- Sunstein, Cass R.; Stone, Geoffrey R.; Seidman, Louis M.; Tushnet, Mark V.; Karlan, Pamela S. Constitutional Law 7th. New York: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business. 2013. ISBN 978-1-4548-1757-4.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Valuing Life: Humanizing the Regulatory State. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press. 2014. ISBN 978-0-226-78017-7.
- Sunstein, Cass R.; Hastie, Reid. Wiser: Getting Beyond Groupthink to Make Groups Smarter. Harvard: Harvard Business Review Press. 2014. ISBN 978-1-4221-2299-0.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Why Nudge?: The Politics of Libertarian Paternalism (The Storrs Lectures Series). Yale University Press. 2014. ISBN 978-0-300-19786-0.
- Sunstein, Cass R. The World According to Star Wars. New York: Dey Street Books. 2016. ISBN 978-0-06-248422-2.
- Sunstein, Cass R. The Ethics of Influence: Government in the Age of Behavioral Science. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2016. ISBN 978-1-10-714070-7.
- Sunstein, Cass R. #Republic : divided democracy in the age of social media. Princeton University Press. 2017. ISBN 978-0-691-17551-5. OCLC 958799819.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Human Agency and Behavioral Economics: Nudging Fast and Slow. Palgrave Advances in Behavioral Economics. 2017. ISBN 978-3-319-55806-6. OCLC 1049592088.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Impeachment: A Citizen's Guide. Harvard University Press. 2017. ISBN 978-0-674-98379-3.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Can It Happen Here?: Authoritarianism in America. HarperCollins. 2018. ISBN 978-0-06-269621-2 （英语）.
- Sunstein, Cass R. The Cost-Benefit Revolution. MIT Press. 2018. ISBN 978-0-262-03814-0.
- Sunstein, Cass R. On Freedom. Princeton University Press. 2019. ISBN 978-0-691-19115-7.
- Sunstein, Cass R. How Change Happens. MIT Press. 2019. ISBN 978-0-262-03957-4.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Conformity: The Power of Social Influences. NYU Press. 2019. ISBN 978-1-4798-6783-7.
- Sunstein, Cass R.; Vermeule, Adrian. Law and Leviathan: Redeeming the Administrative State. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press. 2020 （英语）.
- Kahneman, Daniel; Sibony, Olivier; Sunstein, Cass R. Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment. William Collins. 2021. ISBN 978-0-00-830899-5.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Sludge: What Stops Us from Getting Things Done and What to Do about It. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. 2021 （英语）.
- Sunstein, Cass R. This Is Not Normal: The Politics of Everyday Expectations. Yale University Press. 2021. ISBN 978-0-300-25350-4.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Liars: Falsehoods and Free Speech in an Age of Deception. Oxford University Press. 2021. ISBN 978-0-19-754511-9.
- Sunstein, Cass R.; Dhami, Sanjit. Bounded Rationality: Heuristics, Judgment, and Public Policy. MIT Press. 2022. ISBN 978-0-26-254370-5.
- Sunstein, Cass R. How to Interpret the Constitution. Princeton University Press. 2023. ISBN 9780691252049.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Decisions about Decisions: Practical Reason in Ordinary Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2023 （英语）.
- Sunstein, Cass R. How to Become Famous: Lost Einsteins, Forgotten Superstars, and How the Beatles Came to Be. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Review Press. 2024 （英语）.
- Sharot, Tali; Sunstein, Cass R. Look Again: The Power of Noticing What Was Always There. Atria/One Signal. 2024. ISBN 978-1-6680-0820-1.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Campus Free Speech: A Pocket Guide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2024 （英语）.
- Sunstein, Cass R. Climate Justice: What Rich Nations Owe the World–And the Future. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 2024 （英语）.
- Sunstein, Cass R.; Bar-Gill, Oren. Algorithmic Harm: Protecting People in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Oxford University Press. 2025. ISBN 978-0-19-777820-3 （英语）.
精選文章
[编辑]- Sunstein, Cass R. Naked Preferences and the Constitution. Columbia Law Review. 1984, 84 (7): 1689–1732. JSTOR 1122446.
- —. Interest Groups in American Public Law. Stanford Law Review. 1985, 38 (1): 29–88. JSTOR 1228602.
- —. Lochner's Legacy. Columbia Law Review. 1987, 87 (5): 873–919. JSTOR 1122721.
- —. Constitutionalism After the New Deal. Harvard Law Review. 1987, 101 (2): 421–510. JSTOR 1341264.
- —. Beyond the Republican Revival. Yale Law Journal. 1988, 97 (8): 1539–90. JSTOR 796540.
- —. Interpreting Statutes in the Regulatory State. Harvard Law Review. 1989, 103 (2): 405–508. JSTOR 1341272.
- —. Law and Administration After Chevron. Columbia Law Review. 1990, 90 (8): 2071–2120. JSTOR 1122889.
- —. What's Standing After Lujan—Of Citizen Suits, Injuries, and Article III. Michigan Law Review. 1992, 91 (2): 163–236. JSTOR 1289685.
- —; Lessig, Lawrence. The President and the Administration. Columbia Law Review. 1994, 94 (1): 1–123. JSTOR 1123119.
- —. Problems with Rules. California Law Review. 1995, 83 (4): 953–1026. JSTOR 3480896.
- —. The Supreme Court, 1995 Term — Foreword: Leaving Things Undecided. Harvard Law Review. 1996, 110 (1): 4–101. JSTOR 1342006.
- —. On the Expressive Function of Law. University of Pennsylvania Law Review. 1996, 144 (5): 2021–54.
- —. Social Norms and Social Roles. Columbia Law Review. 1996, 96 (4): 903–68. JSTOR 1123430.
- —; Jolls, Christine; Thaler, Richard. A Behavioral Approach to Law and Economics. Stanford Law Review. 1998, 50 (5): 1471–1550. JSTOR 2381432.
- —. Nondelegation Canons. University of Chicago Law Review. 2000, 67 (2): 315–44. JSTOR 1600490.
- —; Thaler, Richard. Libertarian Paternalism Is Not an Oxymoron. University of Chicago Law Review. 2003, 70 (4): 1159–1202. JSTOR 1600573.
- —. Chevron Step Zero. Virginia Law Review. 2006, 92 (2): 187–250. JSTOR 4144979.
- —. The Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs: Myths and Realities. Harvard Law Review. 2013, 126 (7): 1838–79. JSTOR 23415059.
- —; Vermeule, Adrian. The Morality of Administrative Law. Harvard Law Review. 2018, 131 (7): 1924–78. JSTOR 44865917.
參考文獻
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 專訪桑思汀：分歧之下如何保障選擇與自由. [2017-03-01]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-01）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Current biography yearbook – H.W. Wilson Company – Google Books. Books.google.ca. 2008 [2012-07-27].
- ^ Be Fruitful and Simplify! ‘Simpler’ and ‘Simple’ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） April 8, 2013 New York Times
- ^ Sunstein a University Professor. Harvard Gazette. [2017-03-01]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-21）.
- ^ 2014 Scholarly Impact – Leitner Rankings （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
- ^ Farris, Nick; Aggerbeck, Valerie; McNevin, Megan; Sisk, Gregory C. Judicial Impact of Law School Faculties. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network. 2016-08-18. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2826048.
- ^ The Pittsburgh Press – Google News Archive Search. news.google.com. [December 12, 2021].
- ^ 《華盛頓郵報》：〈"Mondoweiss" is a hate site (Update)〉，作者 David Bernstein，2015 年 5 月 4 日
- ^ Sunstein, Cass R. The Siren of Selfishness. April 9, 2020 [March 19, 2020]. ISSN 0028-7504 （英语）.
|journal=被忽略 (帮助) - ^ Sunstein, Cass R. The Siren of Selfishness. The New York Review of Books 67 (6). 2020-04-09 [2024-12-19]. ISSN 0028-7504 （英语）.
- ^ Ruddick, Lisa Cole. Gertrude Stein–Body, Text, Gnosis. Reading women writing. Cornell University Press. 1990: xv [October 27, 2020]. ISBN 978-0-8014-9957-9.
- ^ Lisa Ruddick | Department of English Language and Literature. english.uchicago.edu. （原始内容存档于2015-10-27）.
- ^ Kail, Ellyn. An Interview With My Father, Cass Sunstein. The Huffington Post. June 4, 2017 [May 31, 2020].
- ^ Buckley, Cara. A Monster of a Slip. The New York Times. March 16, 2008 [October 12, 2017].
- ^ Sunstein and Power, Harvard Power Couple, Tie the Knot. The Harvard Crimson. July 7, 2008 [July 27, 2012].
- ^ Kantor, Jodi. Teaching Law, Testing Ideas, Obama Stood Slightly Apart. The New York Times. July 30, 2008 [October 27, 2008].
- ^ [1] Archive.today的存檔，存档日期July 13, 2008，
- ^ New Baby for New D.C. Power Couple. The Washington Post. （原始内容存档于October 15, 2012）.
- ^ Dwyer, Jim. Pint-Size Diplomacy at Play in U.N. Ambassador's Penthouse. The New York Times. 29 December 2015.
- ^ Sunstein, Cass R. How Far Can an Amateur Make It in a Professional Sports Tournament?. The Atlantic. April 29, 2015.
- ^ Cass Sunstein – Professional Squash Association. psaworldtour.com.
- ^ Elections to the British Academy celebrate the diversity of UK research. British Academy. July 2, 2017 [July 29, 2017].
- ^ Holberg Prize and Nils Klim Prize Laureates 2018 Announced. Holbergprisen. March 10, 2017 [March 14, 2018]. （原始内容存档于August 1, 2017） （英语）.
- ^ 博客來-作者-Cass R. Sunstein. search.books.com.tw. [2017-03-01]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-01）.
