1963年南斯拉夫宪法

1963年南斯拉夫宪法（正式名称为《南斯拉夫社会主义联邦共和国宪法》）是南斯拉夫社会主义联邦共和国的第二部宪法，于1963年4月7日生效。该宪法的制定基于当时执政机构的信念，即南斯拉夫的社会自我管理关系已在社会中得到充分发展，因而需要新的、最终的宪法定义与确立。

议会联邦大会（Skupština）被划分为一个综合议院——联邦议院，以及四个承担特定官僚职能的专门议院。宪法规定，各加盟共和国仅在“民族议院”（Chamber of Nationalities）中有代表权，该议院隶属于联邦议院^[1]，至1967年成为议会的独立议院^[2]。由此，联邦大会成为世界上唯一一座五院制（后来为六院制）立法机构。

总统约瑟普·布罗兹·铁托保留了党主席职务，但放弃了联邦执行委员会主席的国家职务，这一变动进一步区分了党和国家的职能。1963年宪法还引入了轮任制，规定不得在高层或低层执行职位上连续任职超过两个四年任期。此外，宪法扩大了人权和公民权利的保障，并确立了具有宪法保障的司法程序^[1]。

该宪法于1974年被第四部、也是最后一步宪法取代。

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Glenn E. Curtis. Glenn E. Curtis , 编. Yugoslavia: A country study. Federal Research Division. The 1963 Constitution. December 1990. 本文含有此來源中屬於公有领域的内容。
^ Lapenna, Ivo. Main features of the Yugoslav constitution 1946-1971. International and Comparative Law Quarterly. 1972, 21 (2): 209–229. doi:10.1093/iclqaj/21.2.209. Ten years later, the Constitution of 1963 completely changed the whole structure of the Federal Assembly and of all the other organs of State authority. It introduced a heavy and complicated system of five or, in some cases, even six "Councils", for which the term "Chamber" seems more appropriate in order to avoid confusion between these bodies and various other councils.

外部链接

宪法原文

[63const-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Glenn E. Curtis. Glenn E. Curtis , 编. Yugoslavia: A country study. Federal Research Division. The 1963 Constitution. December 1990. 本文含有此來源中屬於公有领域的内容。

[2] Lapenna, Ivo. Main features of the Yugoslav constitution 1946-1971. International and Comparative Law Quarterly. 1972, 21 (2): 209–229. doi:10.1093/iclqaj/21.2.209. Ten years later, the Constitution of 1963 completely changed the whole structure of the Federal Assembly and of all the other organs of State authority. It introduced a heavy and complicated system of five or, in some cases, even six "Councils", for which the term "Chamber" seems more appropriate in order to avoid confusion between these bodies and various other councils.

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