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Names of large numbers

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There are two main ways of using words to write large numbers. The American way or "short form" for naming large numbers is different from the European way or "long form" of naming large numbers. This is mainly because of American finance.

Short form numbering is based on thousands and Long form is based on millions. Because of this, in Short form a billion is one thousand millions (109) while in Long form it is one million millions (1012).[source?]

The change in the United Kingdom (UK) to short-form numbering happened in 1973. Today, Short form is most commonly used in most English speaking countries.[source?]

Prehistory

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Numbers were first used by prehistoric tribes. Those prehistoric tribes invented numbers as a way to measure and calculate items, something which required counting. More advanced prehistoric tribes later invented mathematics and they started adding, subtracting, and multiplying as a way to measure and calculate more advanced and complex items and certain fields.[source?]

Bronze Age

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Large numbers were first used by ancient civilizations such as Sumer, Ancient Egypt, Akkad, Babylonia, the Hittite Empire, Rome, and Greece, for measuring and calculating items. As civilizations grew more complex, numbers did as well.[source?]

Renaissance

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The words billion and trillion, and millions were first written to describe extremely large numbers in 1475 by Jehan Adam. In 1484, Nicolas Chuquet used the words million, billion, trillion, and even further to write and describe much larger numbers.[1][better source needed] Adam and Chuquet both used long scale. For example, Adam's billion (Chuquet's (bi)llion) was used to write 1012.[2][better source needed] While these were the first writings that used these words, Adam and Chuquet were probably not the creators of the words. The word million comes from the Old Italian millione.[1][3] These words were also probably commonly used before the books were written.[1]

Names for small, large numbers

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Scientific
notation
American name

(Short Scale)

Old European name

(Long Scale)

Old-British name Acronyms SI Symbol Metric prefix
0 Zero Zero Zero Z o Oude-
10-3,000,000,003 Nanillionth Quinquagintimicrilliardth Thousand Quinquagintimicrillionth Nat pu Pumillo-
10-3,000,003 Micrillionth Quingentillinilliardth Thousandth Quingentillinillionth Mct pv Parvo-
10-3,003 Millillionth Quingentilliardth Thousandth Quingentillionth Mnt hz Hazo-
10-303 Centillionth Quinquagintilliardth Thousandth Quinquagintillionth Cet sau Sauto-
10-102 Tretrigintillionth Septendecillionth Septendecillionth Ttgt yr Yuro-
10-99 Duotrigintillionth Sexdecilliardth Thousand sexdecillionth Dtgt zr Ziro-
10-96 Untrigintillionth Sexdecillionth Sexdecillionth Utgt at Arito-
10-93 Trigintillionth Quindecilliard Thousand quindecillionth Tgt bt Broto-
10-90 Novemvigintillionth Quindecillionth Quindecillionth Novgt ct Ceto-
10-87 Octovigintillionth Quattuordecilliardth Thousand quattuordecillionth Ocvgt dst Deseto-
10-84 Septenvigintillionth Quattuordecillionth Quattuordecillionth Spvgt est Esto-
10-81 Sexvigintillionth Tredecilliardth Thousand tredecillionth Sxvgt fkt Fekato-
10-78 Quinvigintillionth Tredecillionth Tredecillionth Qivgt grt Groto-
10-75 Quattuorvigintillionth Duodecilliardth Thousand duodecillionth Qavgt hm Hemmo-
10-72 Trevigintillionth Duodecillionth Duodecillionth Tvgt it Into-
10-69 Duovigintillionth Undecilliardth Thousand undecillionth Dvgt jt Jeto-
10-66 Unvigintillionth Undecillionth Undecillionth Uvgt kr Kentro-
10-63 Vigintillionth Decilliardth Thousand decillionth Vgt lt Lunto-
10-60 Novemdecillionth Decillionth Decillionth Nodct mt Mikto-
10-57 Octodecillionth Nonilliardth Thousand nonillionth Ocdct nt Nekto-
10-54 Septendecillionth Nonillionth Nonillionth Spdct or Otro-
10-51 Sexdecillionth Octilliardth Thousand octillionth Sxdct pt Pekto-
10-48 Quindecillionth Octillionth Octillionth Qidct qx Quexo-
10-45 Quattuordecillionth Septilliardth Thousand septillionth Qadct rt Rimto-
10-42 Tredecillionth Septillionth Septillionth Tdct st Sorto-
10-39 Duodecillionth Sextilliardth Thousand sextillionth Ddct tt Trekto-
10-36 Undecillionth Sextillionth Sextillionth Udct ut Unto-
10-33 Decillionth Quintilliardth Thousand quintillionth Dct v Vunkto-
10-30 Nonillionth Quintillionth Quintillionth Not q Quecto-
10-27 Octillionth Quadrilliardth Thousand quadrillionth Oct r Ronto-
10-24 Septillionth Quadrillionth Quadrillionth Spt y Yocto-
10-21 Sextillionth Trilliardth Thousand trillionth Sxt z Zepto-
10-18 Quintillionth Trillionth Trillionth Qit a Atto-
10-15 Quadrillionth Billiardth Thousand billionth Qat f Femto-
10-12 Trillionth Billionth Billionth Tt p Pico-
10-9 Billionth Milliardth Thousand millionth Bt n Nano-
10-6 Millionth Millionth Millionth Mt μ Micro-
10-3 Thousandth Thousandth Thousandth Þt m Milli-
0.01 Hundredth Hundredth Hundredth Ht c Centi-
0.1 Tenth Tenth Tenth Tt d Deci-
0.5 Half Half Half Hf he Hemi-
is small numbers(↑)

is large numbers(↓)

1 One One One O u Uno-
√2 or 1.4142135623... Pytagoras Constact Pytagoras Constant Pytagoras Constant Ptg Ctc r Rizo-
2 Two Two Two Tw d Du-
3 Three Three Three Tr t Tri-
π or 3.1415926535... Pi Pi Pi P b Bito-
4 Four Four Four Fo tr Tetra-
5 Five Five Five Fi pt Penta-
6 Six Six Six Si hx Hexa-
7 Seven Seven Seven Se ht Hepta-
8 Eight Eight Eight Ei ot Octa-
9 Nine Nine Nine Ni na Nona-
10Ten Ten Ten D da Deca-
11 Eleven Eleven Eleven El hda Hendeca-
12 Twelve Twelve Twelve Twl dda Dodeca-
13 Thirteen Thirteen Thirteen Tre tda Tredeca-
14 Fourteen Fourteen Fourteen For trda Tetradeca-
15 Fifteen Fifteen Fifteen Fif ptda Pentadeca-
16 Sixteen Sixteen Sixteen Six hxda Hexadeca-
17 Seventeen Seventeen Seventeen Sev htda Heptadeca-
18 Eighteen Eighteen Eighteen Eig ocda Octodeca-
19 Nineteen Nineteen Nineteen Nin enda Enneadeca-
20 Twenty Twenty Twenty Twt ics Icosa-
30 Thirty Thirty Thirty Þrt mcs Meicosa-
40 Forty Forty Forty Fot trct Tetraconta-
50 Fifty Fifty Fifty Fit ptct Pentaconta-
60 Sixty Sixty Sixty Sit hxct Hexaconta-
70 Seventy Seventy Seventy Set hpct Heptaconta-
80 Eighty Eighty Eighty Eit occt Octaconta-
90 Ninety Ninety Ninety Nit nact Nonaconta-
100Hundred Hundred Hundred H h Hecto-
1000Thousand Thousand Thousand Þ k Kilo-
106Million Million Million M M Mega-
109Billion Milliard Thousand million B G Giga-
1012Trillion Billion Billion T T Tera-
1015Quadrillion Billiard Thousand billion Qa P Peta-
1018Quintillion Trillion Trillion Qi E Exa-
1021Sextillion Trilliard Thousand trillion Sx Z Zetta-
1024Septillion Quadrillion Quadrillion Sp Y Yotta-
1027Octillion Quadrilliard Thousand quadrillion Oc R Ronna-
1030Nonillion Quintillion Quintillion No Q Quetta-
1033Decillion Quintilliard Thousand quintillion Dc V Vunda-
1036Undecillion Sextillion Sextillion Udc U Uda-
1039Duodecillion Sextilliard Thousand sextillion Ddc Td Treda-
1042Tredecillion Septillion Septillion Tdc St Sorta-
1045Quattuordecillion Septilliard Thousand septillion Qadc Rt Rinta-
1048Quindecillion Octillion Octillion Qidc Qx Quexa-
1051Sexdecillion Octilliard Thousand octillion Sxdc Pp Pepta-
1054Septendecillion Nonillion Nonillion Spdc Oc Ocha-
1057Octodecillion Nonilliard Thousand nonillion Ocdc Nn Nena-
1060Novemdecillion Decillion Decillion Nodc Mg Minga-
1063Vigintillion Decilliard Thousand decillion Vg Lm Luma-
1066 Unvigintillion Undecillion Undecillion Uvg Km Kama-
1069 Duovigintillion Undecilliard Thousand undecillion Dvg Jm Jama-
1072 Trevigintillion Duodecillion Duodecillion Tvg Ln Lana-
1075Quattuorvigintillion Duodecilliard Thousand duodecillion Qavg Hv Heva-
1078Quinvigintillion Tredecillion Tredecillion Qivg Grn Grina-
1081Sexvigintillion Tredecilliard Thousand tredecillion Sxvg Frm Ferma-
1084Septenvigintillion Quattuordecillion Quattuordecillion Spvg Ech Echa-
1087Octovigintillion Quattuordecilliard Thousand quattuordecillion Ocvg Drn Druna-
1090Novemvigintillion Quindecillion Quindecillion Novg Cr Cera-
1093Trigintillion Quindecilliard Thousand quindecillion Tg Bt Brota-
1096 Untrigintillion Sexdecillion Sexdecillion Utg At Arita-
1099 Duotrigintillion Sexdecilliard Thousand sexdecillion Dtg Zr Zira-
10100Googol Googol Googol G Ggl Googoly-
10102 Tretrigintillion Septendecillion Septendecillion Ttg Yr Yura-
10105 Quattuortrigintillion Septendecilliard Thousand septendecillion Qatg Rg Roga-
10108 Quintrigintillion Octodecillion Octodecillion Qitg Qt Quita-
10111 Sextrigintillion Octodecilliard Thousand octodecillion Sxtg Vt Vepta-
10114 Septentrigintillion Novemdecillion Novemdecillion Sptg Ut Uta-
10117 Octotrigintillion Novemdecilliard Thousand novemdecillion Octg Tx Texa-
10120 Novemtrigintillion Vigintillion Vigintillion Notg Stt Setta-
10123 Quadragintillion Vigintilliard Thousand vigintillion Qd Rtt Rotta-
10126 Unquadragintillion Unvigintillion Unvigintillion Uqd Qtt Quotta-
10129 Duoquadragintillion Unvigintilliard Thousand unvigintillion Dqd Ptt Petta-
10132 Trequadragintillion Duovigintillion Duovigintillion Tqd Onn Onna-
10135 Quattuorquadragintillion Duovigintilliard Thousand duovigintillion Qaqd Nnn Nenna-
10138 Quinquadragintillion Trevigintillion Trevigintillion Qiqd Mn Mina-
10141 Sexquadragintillion Trevigintilliard Thousand trevigintillion Sxqd Ln Luna-
10144 Septenquadragintillion Quattuorvigintillion Quattuorvigintillion Spqd Km Kema-
10147 Octoquadragintillion Quattuorvigintilliard Thousand quattuorvigintillion Ocqd Jrt Jretta-
10150 Novemquadragintillion Quinvigintillion Quinvigintillion Noqd Iqt Iqatta-
10153 Quinquagintillion Quinvigintilliard Thousand Quinvigintillion Qt Hit Huitta-
10156 Unquinquagintillion Sexvigintillion Sexvigintillion Uqt Gtt Gatextta-
10159 Duoquinquagintillion Sexvigintilliard Thousand sexvigintillion Dqt Fqs Feqesa-
10162 Trequinquagintillion Septenvigintillion Septenvigintillion Tqt Ecd Enscenda-
10165 Quattuorquinquagintillion Septenvigintilliard Thousand septenvigintillion Qaqt Dst Desyta-
10168 Quinquinquagintillion Octovigintillion Octovigintillion Qiqt Cnt Ceanata-
10171 Sexquinquagintillion Octovigintilliard Thousand octovigintillion Sxqt Bvg Bevvgta-
10174 Septenquinquagintillion Novemvigintillion Novemvigintillion Spqt Avt Avta-
10177 Octoquinquagintillion Novemvigintilliard Thousand novemvigintillion Ocqt Zb Zeba-
10180 Novemquinquagintillion Trigintillion Trigintillion Noqt Yb Yoba-
10183 Sexagintillion Trigintilliard Thousand Trigintillion Sg Rb Ronba-
10186 Unsexagintillion Untrigintillion Untrigintillion Usg Qb Queba-
10189 Duosexagintillion Untrigintilliard Thousand Untrigintillion Dsg Vb Vunba-
10192 Tresexagintillion Duotrigintillion Duotrigintillion Tsg Ub Uba-
10195 Quattuorsexagintillion Duotrigintilliard Thousand duotrigintillion Qasg Tb Treba-
10198 Quinsexagintillion Tretrigintillion Tretrigintillion Qisg Sb Sorba-
10201 Sexsexagintillion Tretrigintilliard Thousand Tretrigintillion Sxsg Rb Rinba-
10204 Septensexagintillion Quattuortrigintillion Quattuortrigintillion Spsg Qxb Quexba-
10207 Octosexagintillion Quattuortrigintilliard Thousand quattuortrigintillion Ocsg Pb Pepba-
10210 Novemsexagintillion Quintrigintillion Quintrigintillion Nosg Ob Oba-
10213 Septuagintillion Quintrigintilliard Thousand Quintrigintillion St Nb Neba-
10216 Unseptuagintillion Sextrigintillion Sextrigintillion Ust Mb Minba-
10219 Duoseptuagintillion Sextrigintilliard Thousand sextrigintillion Dst Lb Luba-
10222 Treseptuagintillion Septentrigintillion Septentrigintillion Tst Kb Kaba-
10225 Quattuorseptuagintillion Septentrigintilliard Thousand septentrigintillion Qast Jb Jaba-
10228 Quinseptuagintillion Octotrigintillion Octotrigintillion Qist Lb Laba-
10231 Sexseptuagintillion Octotrigintilliard Thousand octotrigintillion Sxst Hb Heba-
10234 Septenseptuagintillion Novemtrigintillion Novemtrigintillion Spst Grb Griba-
10237 Octoseptuagintillion Novemtrigintilliard Thousand novemtrigintillion Ocst Frb Freba-
10240 Novemseptuagintillion Quadragintillion Quadragintillion Nost Ecb Esba-
10243 Octogintillion Quadragintilliard Thousand quadragintillion Og Drb Druba-
10246 Unoctogintillion Unquadragintillion Unquadragintillion Uog Cb Ceba-
10249 Duooctogintillion Unquadragintilliard Thousand unquadragintillion Dog Bb Broba-
10252 Treoctogintillion Duoquadragintillion Duoquadragintillion Tog Ab Ariba-
10255 Quattuoroctogintillion Duoquadragintilliard Thousand duoquadragintillion Qaog Ap Alpha-
10258 Quinoctogintillion Trequadragintillion Trequadragintillion Qiog Bt Beta-
10261 Sexoctogintillion Trequadragintilliard Thousand trequadragintillion Sxog Mt Meta-
10264 Septenoctogintillion Quattuorquadragintillion Quattuorquadragintillion Spog Rt Ronta-
10267 Octooctogintillion Quattuorquadragintilliard Thousand quattuorquadragintillion Ocog Qc Quecca-
10270 Novemoctogintillion Quinquadragintillion Quinquadragintillion Noog Bt Boosta-
10273 Nonagintillion Quinquadragintilliard Thousand quinquadragintillion Ng An Anna-
10276 Unnonagintillion Sexquadragintillion Sexquadragintillion Ung Vt Vista-
10279 Duononagintillion Sexquadragintilliard Thousand sexquadragintillion Dng Vn Vienna-
10282 Trenonagintillion Septenquadragintillion Septenquadragintillion Tng Aq Aquata-
10285 Quattuornonagintillion Septenquadragintilliard Thousand septenquadragintillion Qang Dn Dannia-
10288 Quinnonagintillion Octoquadragintillion Octoquadragintillion Qing Wm Wamia-
10291 Sexnonagintillion Octoquadragintilliard Thousand octoquadragintillion Sxng Omn Osmana-
10294 Septennonagintillion Novemquadragintillion Novemquadragintillion Spng Cpr Cypria-
10297 Octononagintillion Novemquadragintilliard Thousand novemquadragintillion Ocng Phen Phoenia-
10300 Novemnonagintillion Quinquagintillion Quinquagintillion Nong Krsh Kharosha-
10303 Centillion Quinquagintilliard Thousand quinquagintillion Ce Ec Ecetta-
10306 Uncentillion Unquinquagintillion Unquinquagintillion UCe EcM Ecettamega-
10309 Duocentillion Unquinquagintilliard Thousand unquinquagintillion DCe EcG Ecettagiga
103,003 Millillion Quingentilliard Thousand quingentillion Mn ч Challia-
103,006 Millimillion Unquingentillion Unquingentillion MnM чм Challiamega-
103,009 Millibillion Unquingentilliard Thousand Unquingentillion MnB чG Challiagiga-
103,093 Millitrigintillion Quindeciquingentilliard Thousand Quindeciquingentillion MnTg чBt Challiabrota-
103,096 Milliuntrigintillion Sexdeciquingentillion Sexdeciquingentillion MnUtg чAt Challiaarita
103,099 Milliduotrigintillion Sexdeciquingentilliard Thousand Sexdeciquingentillion MnDtg чZr Challiazira-
103,102 Millitretrigintillion Septendeciquingentillion Septendeciquingentillion MnTtg чYr Challiayura-
103,303 Millicentillion Quinquagintaquingentilliard Thousand Quinquagintaquingentillion MnCe чEc Challiaecetta-
103,000,003 Micrillion Quinquagintillinilliard Thousand Quinquagintillinillion Mc Mgn Magna-
103,000,000,003 Nanillion Quinquagintimicrilliard Thousand Quinquagintimicrillion Na Ing Ingenia-
1010100 Googolplex Googolplex Googolplex Gp Ggpx Googolplexo-
10101034 Skewes' Number Skewes' Number Skewes' Number Sk'N Skr Skewesiy-
101010100 Googolduplex Googolduplex Googolduplex Gdp Ggdpx Googolduplexo-
101010964 Skewer's Number Skewer's Number Skewer's Number Skr'N Skrs Skeweriy-
1010101,656 Skewere's Number Skewere's Number Skewere's Number Skre'N Skrsr Skewereiy-
10101010100 Googoltriplex Googoltriplex Googoltriplex Gtp Ggtpx Googoltriplexo-
E100#11 Googoldecaplex Googoldecaplex Googoldecaplex Gdap Ggdapx Googoldecaplexo-
10↑↑100 Giggol Giggol Giggol Gg Gggl Giggoly-
E100#101 Googolhectoplex Googolhectoplex Googolhectoplex Ghp Gghpx Googolhectoplexo-
E100#1,001 Googolmilliplex Googolmilliplex Googolmilliplex Gmlp Ggmpx Googolmilliplexo-
10↑↑10,000 Giggoltoll Giggoltoll Giggoltoll Ggt Gggtl Giggoltolly-
E100#1,000,001 Googolmegaplex Googolmegaplex Googolmegaplex GMp GgMpx Googolmegaplexo-
E100#1,000,000,001 Googolgigaplex Googolgigaplex Googolgigaplex GGp GgGpx Googolgigaplexo-
10↑↑10100 Googolstack Googolstack Googolstack Gs Ggsk Googolstacki-
10↑↑10↑↑100 Giggolplex Giggolplex Giggolplex Ggp Gggpx Giggolplexo-
10↑↑↑100 Gaggol Gaggol Gaggol Gao Gagl Gaggoly-
10↑↑↑↑100 Geegol Geegol Geegol Geg Gegl Geegoly-
10↑↑↑↑↑100 Gigol Gigol Gigol Gi Gigl Gigoly-
10{100}100 or {10,100,100} Boogol Boogol Boogol Bg Bgl Boogoly-
G64 Graham's Number Grh'N Gri Greio-
{10,100,1(1)2} Goobol Gb Gbl Gooboly-
{10,100,2(1)2} Gibbol Gbb Gbbl Gibboly-
{10,100,3(1)2} Gabbol Gab Gabl Gabboly-
{10,100,4(1)2} Geebol Geb Getl Geeboly-
{10,100,5(1)2} Gibol Gib Gisl Giboly-
{10,100,100(1)2} Boobol Bb Bbl Booboly-
TREE(4) TREE Sequence TR Sqc Dtr Dentro-
SSCG(4) Simple Subcubic Graph Number Sp Sbc G N Aypy Aploypokyvo-
SCG(13) Subcubic Graph Number Scb G N Ypv Ypokyvo-
200? Bigg Big Big Biggus-
Tar(3) Tritar Trt Dtri Dentari-
Ξ(10100) Xi function X Fct Adn Adynato-
Rayo(10100) Rayo's Number Ry'N Rs Raos-
Foot(10100) Big Foot Bg Ft Ekr Egkyro-
U(2) U Sequence U Sqc Gnmn Ginomeno-
F10(10{10}100) Large Garden Number Lg Gd N Art Arithmo-
Finity Fn Pro Petario-
Infinity Inf Apr Apeiro-
ω Omega Omg Omg Omegus-
ℵ0 Aleph Null Alp Nu Alp Aleftus-
N or 2ℵ0 Continuum Hypothesis Cardinal Ctu Hpt Cd Krb Karbio-
ℶ1 Beth One Bt O Prt Proto-
ℶ2 Beth Two Bt Tw Dft Deftero-
ℶω Beth Omega Bt omg Amt Ametrito-
I Inaccessible Cardinal Inc Cd Ab Abio-
M Mahlo Cardinal Ml Cd Ifs Iffeas-
K Weakly Compact Cardinal We Cop Cd Iqs Iquas-
Π Indescribable Cardinal Ids Cd Andg Anekdiigito-
I0 Rank-Into-Rank Cardinal Rnk It Rnk Cd Tss Taksis-
ա Absolute Limit Ab lim Ayb Aybea-
Ω Absolute Infinity Ab Inf Tv Tavia-

Beyond Absolute Infinity

ALL "&"s
Number What is the number Unit level
&1 1x more than Ω A.Aa1 Omega
&10 10x more than Ω B.Aa1 Omega
&100 100x more than Ω C.Aa1 Omega
&999 999x more than Ω C.Aa9.99 Omega
&1000 1000x more than Ω D.Aa1 Omega

This is a framework organized from 0 to &100.

The number TREE 4 and SSCG 4 is so incomprehensibly big it dwarfs every other number compared to it, far surpassing even exponential growth or the number of atoms in the known universe. It originates from a mathematical game about arranging trees (graph structures) under specific rules, where the challenge is to avoid repeating any previously created tree patterns.[4]ILLEGAL Number List: Killion

Other websites

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References

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  1. 1 2 3 Flegg, Graham (1985). Flegg, Cynthia; Moss, Barbara (eds.). Nicolas Chuquet, Renaissance Mathematician. D. Reidel. p. 29. ISBN 978-90-277-1872-3.
  2. "Large Numbers -- Notes (page 2) at MROB". www.mrob.com. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  3. "Definition of MILLION". www.merriam-webster.com. 2024-05-26. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  4. "The Enormity of the Number TREE(3) Is Beyond Comprehension". Popular Mechanics. 2017-10-20. Retrieved 2024-12-09.