SpaceX第十次星艦軌道試飛任務
名称 | SpaceX第十次星艦軌道試飛任務 |
---|---|
任务类型 | 綜合飛行測試 |
运营方 | SpaceX |
网站 | Starship's Tenth Flight Test |
任務時長 | 1小時6分34秒 |
圈數 | <1 |
航天器属性 | |
航天器 | BS1637 |
航天器类型 | 原型機 |
任務開始 | |
發射日期 | 2025年8月26日23:30UTC |
运载火箭 | 星艦S37 超重助推器B16 |
發射場 | SpaceX星港(Starbase) |
任务结束 | |
毀損日期 | 星艦:2025年8月27日 00:36:40UTC 超重助推器:2025年8月26日 23:36:44UTC |
最後通信 | 星艦:2025年8月27日 00:36:40UTC 超重助推器:2025年8月26日 23:36:44UTC |
著陸日期 | 星艦:2025年8月27日 00:36:31UTC
超重助推器:2025年8月26日 23:36:41UTC |
著陸地點 | 星艦S37:印度洋 超重助推器B16:墨西哥灣 |
运载物 | |
8枚星鏈模擬載荷 | |
總質量 | 約16,000 kg (35,000 lb) |
SpaceX星艦發射 |
第十次星艦軌道試飛任務(IFT-10)是SpaceX的第十次星艦全系統聯合發射測試飛行。於2025年8月26日23:30UTC發射[1][2],由第二代星艦S37和第一代助推器B16執行此次測試飛行,原計畫發射的S36因為發生爆炸事故而彻底損毀。此次是第二代星艦的第四次飛行。
助推器B15返回時主要進行著陸燃燒(Landing Burn)有關的測試,包含關閉一具中心發動機,以測試中環備用發動機完成著陸燃燒的能力,最後僅保留兩台中心發動機測試懸停控制[1]。
星艦S37部屬了8枚星鏈模擬酬載,並於太空中點燃猛禽發動機測試未來離軌點火的能力。以及測試多種隔熱瓦,如主動冷卻金屬隔熱瓦、特殊外型隔熱瓦等,並且安裝了結構性的星艦回收配件、拆除了側面的隔熱瓦,測試再入時的熱防護性能[1]。
發射載具BS1637
[编辑]B16
[编辑]2024年10月14日,B16的首個組件被發現正在星際工廠內移動[3]。組裝工作於10月下旬展開[4],並於12月下旬完成[5]。2025年2月28日,B16進行了低溫測試[6],隨後在3月下旬返回Mega Bay 1[7]。6月4日,B16被運往發射場並被置於發射台(OLM-A)上[8];5日的首次點火嘗試因故中止[9]。6日,B16成功進行全發動機靜態點火測試[10]。8日,B16被運回Mega Bay 1準備安裝熱分級環以及進行發射前檢修[11]。8月7日,B16被移至火箭花園[12]。21日,B16被運往發射場並被置於發射台(OLM-1)上[13][14]。23日,和S37完成首次堆疊[15]。
S36
[编辑]S36的有效載荷艙與鼻錐於2025年2月中旬被運入Mega Bay 2[16]。約一個月後完成組裝[17]。4月26日,S36被運往Massey測試場進行低溫測試,27日完成測試,並於29日返回生產基地[18]。6月15日,S36被運往Massey測試場[19]。16日,S36完成了單發動機靜態點火測試[20][21][22]。18日,S36為了靜態點火開始裝載燃料,23:01:52 UTC時因載荷艙內的氮氣COPV因低於其耐受壓力而失效[23],進而導致S36被毀,火焰覆蓋了大部分的Massey測試區,導致地面設施損毀[24]。
S37
[编辑]2025年3月15日,S37的有效載荷艙與鼻錐被運入Mega Bay 2[25]。甲烷儲罐於四月中旬被運入Mega Bay 2[26]。5月29日,S37被運往到Massey測試場進行低溫測試[27]。6月4日,S37被運回Mega Bay 2[28]。7月28日,S37被運往發射場並被置於發射台(OLM-1)上[29][30]。31日,S37完成了單發動機靜態點火測試[31]。8月1日,S37完成了全發動機靜態點火測試[32]。2日,S35被移下發射台[33]。3日,S37被運回Mega Bay 2進行檢修[34]。5日,S37更換了一具猛禽發動機[35]。11日,S37被運往發射場並被置於發射台(OLM-1)上[36]。13日,S37完成了旋轉啟動(Spin Prime)測試[37],並被被移下發射台[38]。14日,S37被運回Mega Bay 2進行檢修[39]。23日,S37的模擬酬載裝載完成[40],並被移至發射場與B16完成首次堆疊[15]。
S36損毀
[编辑]2025年6月18日,SpaceX計畫進行S36的靜態點火測試,11:01:52CT位於載荷艙內的氮氣COPV因低於其耐受壓力而失效,罐內的高壓氣體湧出毀壞的艦體結構導致液態甲烷及液態氧氣接觸,並由未知的火源引燃,隨後的爆炸摧毀了整艘星艦及地面的部分設施[23][24]。
由Interstellar Gateway的直播內容可知,此次爆炸除了星艦本身外,移動式靜態點火架、星艦燃料供給架、油庫控制室、燃料管線、燃料儲罐、蒸發器、燃料泵、水罐、測試場內的建築外牆及零件儲存帳篷等在此次爆炸中損毀[41]。
雖然發生事故,但FAA表示因靜態點火非其所管轄的活動,因此不須進行事故調查[42],但SpaceX仍會進行內部調查[23]。
由於Massey測試場損毀嚴重,SpaceX改造發射台(OLM-1)、助推器快速段開器(BQD)及星艦運輸台,使S37能夠在Massey測試場尚未修復下於發射台(OLM-1)進行靜態點火[43][44]。
任務進程
[编辑]2025年
[编辑]6月
[编辑]- 4日,B16被運往發射場並被置於發射台(OLM-1)上[8]。
- 4日,S37被運回Mega Bay 2[28]。
- 6日,B16成功進行全發動機靜態點火測試[10]。
- 8日,B16被運回Mega Bay 1準備安裝熱分級環以及進行發射前檢修[11]。
- 15日,S36被運往Massey測試場[19]。
- 16日,S36完成了單發動機靜態點火測試[20]。
- 18日,S36原計畫進行靜態點火測試,但因氮氣COPV低於其耐受壓力而解體,進而導致S36被毀[24]。
7月
[编辑]8月
[编辑]- 1日,S37完成了全發動機靜態點火測試[32]。
- 2日,S37被移下發射台[33]。
- 3日,S37被運回Mega Bay 2進行檢修[34]。
- 5日,S37更換了一具猛禽發動機[35]。
- 7日,B16被移至火箭花園[12]。
- 11日,S37被運往發射場並被置於發射台(OLM-1)上[36]。
- 13日,S37完成了旋轉啟動(Spin Prime)測試[37],並被被移下發射台[38]。
- 14日,S37被運回Mega Bay 2進行檢修[39]。
- 21日,B16被運往發射場並被置於發射台(OLM-1)上[13][14]。
- 23日,S37的模擬酬載裝載完成[40],並被移至發射場與B16完成首次堆疊[15]。
- 24日,由於地面液態氧氣洩漏取消當日發射嘗試[45][46]。
- 25日,由於天氣原因取消當日發射嘗試[47]。
- 26日,UTC時間23點30分,星艦BS1637成功離開發射台,發射後1分33秒,助推器一具中環發動機關機,發射後6分17秒,B16啟動12具發動機開始進行著陸點火,6秒後關閉九具發動機並保留一具中環發動機,發射後6分44秒,B16濺落於墨西哥灣;發射後2分43秒,S37啟動發動機進行熱分離,依靠其自身動力上升,發射後9分00秒,發動機關機,開始於軌道滑行(Coasting),發射後19分13秒,S37開始投放模擬酬載,發射後24分51秒,S37投放模擬酬載完成,發射後37分49秒,S37點燃一具發動機,3秒後關機,發射後47分00秒,星艦尾部因不明原因破裂[48],可能是遭其他碎片撞擊[49],發射後1小時6分17秒,S37點燃3具發動機進行著陸點火,14秒後關機濺落印度洋。
發射程序
[编辑]SpaceX於當地時間26日18:30CT(23:30UTC,07:30+1UTC+8)發射。
預定時間[1] | 發射程序 | 實際時間[2] | 備註 |
---|---|---|---|
T-01:15:00 | 發射總監進行各部門投票決定是否開始加註推進劑 | T-01:06:XX[50] | |
T-00:53:00 | 星艦S37液態甲烷開始裝載 | T-00:51:XX[51] | |
T-00:45:20 | 星艦S37液態氧開始裝載 | ||
T-00:41:37 | 助推器B16液態甲烷開始裝載 | T-00:34:XX[52] | |
T-00:35:52 | 助推器B16液氧開始裝載 | ||
T-00:19:40 | 星艦S37及助推器B16猛禽發動機開始預冷 | N/A | |
T-00:03:20 | 星艦S37液態甲烷及液氧加注完成 | T-00:02:XX[53] | |
T-00:02:50 | 助推器B16液態甲烷及液氧加注完成 | ||
T-00:00:30 | 發射總監確認是否進行發射 | T-00:00:30 | |
T-00:00:10 | 火焰偏轉器(水冷鋼板)啟動 | T-00:00:04 | |
T-00:00:03 | 助推器B16猛禽發動機開始啟動程序 | T-00:00:02 | |
T+00:00:00 | 等待所有發動機增加至指定推力 | N/A | |
T+00:00:02 | 升空 | T+00:00:02 | |
T+00:01:02 | 星艦BS1637達最大動壓點(Max-Q) | T+00:01:11 | |
T+00:02:36 | 助推器B16大部分猛禽發動機關機(MECO-Most Engines Cut Off) | T+00:02:38 | |
T+00:02:38 | 熱分級Hot-Staging開始,星艦S37上的猛禽發動機啟動,脫離助推器B16 | T+00:02:43 | |
T+00:02:48 | 助推器B16返程點火(Boostback Burn)推進開始 | T+00:02:48 | |
T+00:03:28 | 助推器B16返程點火推進結束 | T+00:03:48 | |
T+00:03:40 | 助推器B16拋棄熱分離環 | N/A | |
T+00:06:20 | 助推器B16著陸點火開始 | T+00:06:17 | |
T+00:06:40 | 助推器B16結束著陸點火濺落墨西哥灣 | T+00:06:41 | |
T+00:08:57 | 星艦S37上的猛禽發動機關機,開始沿跨地球軌道飛行 | T+00:09:00 | |
T+00:18:27 | 星艦S37投放模擬酬載開始 | T+00:19:13 | |
T+00:25:32 | 星艦S37投放模擬酬載結束 | T+00:24:51 | |
T+00:37:48 | 星艦S37在軌猛禽發動機開機測試 | T+00:37:49 | |
T+00:47:29 | 星艦S37再入大氣層 | T+00:43:28 | |
T+01:03:15 | 星艦S37減速至跨音速 | T+01:03:20 | |
T+01:04:30 | 星艦S37減速至亞音速 | T+01:03:30 | |
T+01:06:14 | 星艦S37開始轉身著陸(Landing Flip),為了發動機點火將星艦艦身由水平翻轉為垂直於地面 | T+01:06:16 | |
T+01:06:20 | 星艦S37著陸點火(Landing Burn)開始 | T+01:06:17 | |
T+01:06:30 | 星艦S37濺落印度洋 | T+01:06:31 |
發射資訊
[编辑]發射時間 | 軌道 | 原型序號 | 現狀 | 發射地點 | 降落地點 | 試飛時間 | 結果 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2025年8月26日23:30UTC | 跨大氣層軌道 | S36 | 徹底損毀 | 不適用 | 不適用 | 不適用 | 不適用 |
原計畫於此次飛行,但於測試中因氮氣COPV低於其耐受壓力而被損毀[23]。 | |||||||
S37 | 徹底損毀 | 德州星際基地 | 印度洋 | 1小時6分34秒 | 成功 | ||
S37成功完成其上升點火(Ascent Burn)後關閉猛禽發動機,成功部屬8枚星鏈模擬酬載並於太空中點燃一具猛禽發動機。發射後47分00秒,星艦尾部因不明原因破裂[48],可能是遭其他碎片撞擊[49]。發射後1小時6分31秒濺落印度洋。 | |||||||
B16 | 徹底損毀 | 德州星際基地 | 墨西哥灣 | 6分50秒 | 成功 | ||
B16成功點燃33具猛禽發動機上升,發射後1分33秒一中環發動機關機,發射後2分43秒成功與S37分離,發射後6分17秒開始著陸點火,成功透過中環備用發動機於墨西哥灣上空懸停,隨後濺落墨西哥灣。 |
參考資料
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- ^ 37.0 37.1 NASASpaceFlight. SpaceX Conducts Testing of Ship 37 on the OLM. YouTube. 2025-08-13 (英语).
- ^ 38.0 38.1 NASASpaceFlight. Starship Flight 10: Ship 37 has been removed from Pad 1, ahead of a rollback for final prelaunch preps. Pad 1 will now undergo demodding to return it to being able to host Booster 16.. X. 2025-08-14 (英语).
- ^ 39.0 39.1 Roger S. Today at Starbase August 14 2025
Ship 37 performed a Spin Prime test yesterday and was moved back to Mega Bay 2 where we hope will get the final preparation for flight.
Join us for today's Raptorside Chat at 2PM CDT to discuss this and other spaceflight activities.. X. 2025-08-14 (英语). - ^ 40.0 40.1 Elisar, Priel. Payload ✅
With its ride to the Launch Pad booked for this afternoon (Saturday), teams loaded the simulated Starlink payload into S37, potentially the final step left ahead of full stack and launch.
Stay with @NASASpaceflight as we count down to flight 10. X. 2025-08-23 (英语). - ^ Interstellar, Gateway. Starbase Explosion Aftermath - Exclusive Aerial Views + Breakdown | IGW LIVE (Ft. CSI Starbase). YouTube. 2025-06-20 (英语).
- ^ Adrian, Beil. Just in case it was not clear, the @FAANews has confirmed to me that ground testing is not a licensed activity with the FAA, that demands any sort of mishap investigation. This will be a purely SpaceX conducted investigation.. X. 2025-06-19 (英语).
- ^ NASASpaceFlight. Starship Flight 10 (Booster 16/Ship 37): We might be getting close to the modified Ship Stand "Starstool" (I made that name up) being lifted atop Pad 1(A) OLM, as the LR11000 arrives and lowers rigging ahead of a lift. http://nsf.live/starbase This is part of the modifications that will allow for Ship Static Fires at the pad while Massey's is out of action following Ship 36's RUD, and if successful, will allow for Flight 10 to take place in August.. X. 2025-07-18 (英语).
- ^ SpaceX. This was the first Starship to be static fired on the orbital launch mount, which was modified by engineers and technicians at Starbase. X. 2025-08-03 (英语).
- ^ SpaceX. Standing down from today's tenth flight of Starship to allow time to troubleshoot an issue with ground systems. X. 2025-08-24 (英语).
- ^ Elon, Musk. Ground side liquid oxygen leak needs to be fixed. Aiming for another launch attempt tomorrow.. X. 2025-08-24 (英语).
- ^ SpaceX. Standing down from today’s flight test attempt due to weather. Starship team is determining the next best available opportunity to fly. X. 2025-08-28 (英语).
- ^ 48.0 48.1 Zack, Golden. Wow!! How does this even happen?
Glad they switched to that view right before. X. 2025-08-26 (英语). - ^ 49.0 49.1 TheSpaceEngineer. That shit got hit by space debris 1000% it went in there's no hardware there that can explode like that. X. 2025-08-26 (英语).
- ^ SpaceX. The Starship team is go for prop load. Weather is now 55% favorable for liftoff at the opening of the launch window.. X. 2025-08-26 (英语).
- ^ SpaceX. Propellant load of Starship’s upper stage is now underway. X. 2025-08-26 (英语).
- ^ SpaceX. Propellant load of the Super Heavy booster is underway. X. 2025-08-26 (英语).
- ^ SpaceX. Propellant loading complete. Starship is fully loaded with more than 4900 metric tons (10.8 million pounds) of propellant. X. 2025-08-26 (英语).