災害財產損失列表
外观
災害可能會產生與應對和恢復相關的高昂成本。本頁面列出了相對近期災害的估計經濟成本。
災害的成本因多種因素而有很大差異,例如發生的地理位置。當大型災害發生在富裕國家時,經濟損失可能很大,但當類似災害發生在較貧窮的國家時,實際經濟損失可能看起來相對較小。這部分是由於在缺乏保險的地區難以衡量經濟損失。例如,2004年印度洋地震和海嘯造成約23萬人死亡,成本「僅」150億美元,[1]而在深水地平線漏油事故中,11人死亡,損失卻高出六倍。
人類歷史上最昂貴的災害是車諾比災難,估計成本為7000億美元。[2]車諾比的情況使其成為一個獨特但特別具有破壞性的情況,不太可能再次發生。隨著時間推移,估計成本只會增加,最近的數字來自2016年新政府數據的發布。[3]此外,由於清理作業和車諾比隔離區的經濟影響將無限期持續,預計成本將在數千年內持續增加。[4]最昂貴的自然災害是2011年日本東北地震和海嘯,估計成本為3600億美元。[5]
超過10億美元
[编辑]此表列出估計經濟成本至少為10億美元的災害,未考慮通脹因素。
| 事件 | 成本(十億美元) | 死亡人數 | 類型 | 年份 | 國家 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 實際 | 通脹調整 | |||||
| 車諾比災難 | $700[6] | $917.1 | 30–16,000 | 污染(放射性) | 1986 | |
| 2011年日本東北地震和海嘯 + 福島核災 | $360[7][8][5] | $503.2 | 19,759 | 海底巨型逆衝地震、海嘯、污染(放射性) | 2011 | |
| 阪神大地震 | $200[9] | $412.7 | 5,502 – 6,434 | 地震 | 1995 | |
| 2023年土耳其-敘利亞地震 | $157.8[10][11] | $162.8 | 59,488 – 62,013 | 地震 | 2023 | 西亞 ( |
| 汶川大地震 | $130[12] | $189.9 | 87,587 | 地震 | 2008 | |
| 颶風卡崔娜 | $125[13] | $201.2 | 1,392 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2005 | |
| 颶風哈維 | $125[13] | $160.3 | 107 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2017 | 美洲 ( |
| 颶風伊恩 | $112[13] | $120.3 | 161 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2022 | 北美 ( |
| 2020年南亞洪災 | $105[14][15] | $127.6 | 6,511 | 洪災 | 2020 | 南亞 ( |
| 颶風瑪麗亞 | $91.6[13] | $117.5 | 3,059[16] | 熱帶氣旋 | 2017 | 北美 ( |
| 颶風米爾頓 | $85[17] | $85 | 35 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2024 | 北美和安地列斯群島 ( |
| 颶風海倫妮 | $81.6[18] | $81.6 | 225 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2024 | 北美 ( |
| 颶風艾達 | $75[19] | $87 | 107 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2021 | 北美 ( |
| 2019–20年澳洲叢林大火季 | $69[20] | $83.8 | 451 | 野火 | 2019-20 | |
| 颶風桑迪 | $68.7[13] | $94.1 | 254 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2012 | 北美 ( |
| 颶風艾瑪 | $64.8[13] | $83.1 | 134 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2017 | 北美 ( |
| 深水地平線漏油事故 | $60 – $100[21] | $86.5 – $144.2 | 11 | 污染(石油) | 2010 | |
| 2025年1月加州南部山火 | $57[22] | $57 | 30 | 野火 | 2025 | |
| 2021年歐洲洪災 | $54[23] | $62.7 | 243 | 洪災 | 2021 | 歐洲 ( |
| 1988–1990年北美乾旱 | $53.25[24] | $135.1 | 5,000+ | 乾旱 | 1988-89 | |
| 2012–2013年北美乾旱 | $49.6 – $56.1[25] | $67 – $75.7 | 104 | 乾旱 | 2012-13 | |
| 2010年中國洪災 | $51.4[26] | $74.1 | 3,189 | 洪災 | 2010 | |
| 1994年北嶺地震 | $49[27] | $104 | 57 | 地震 | 1994 | |
| 2015年東南亞霾害 | $47[28] | $62.3 | 100,300[29] | 野火,後續霾害 | 2015 | 東南亞 ( |
| 2016年熊本地震 | $46[30] | $60.3 | 273 | 地震 | 2016 | |
| 2011年泰國水災 | $45.7[31] | $63.9 | 815 | 洪災 | 2011 | |
| 2023年南亞洪災 | $41.6[32] | $42.9 | 2,309 | 洪災 | 2023 | 南亞 ( |
| 2022年歐洲熱浪 | $40.2[33] | $43.2 | 24,501 | 熱浪 | 2022 | 歐洲 ( |
| 2011年基督城地震 | $40[34] | $55.9 | 185 | 地震 | 2011 | |
| 2022年巴基斯坦洪災 | $40[35] | $43 | 1,700 | 洪災 | 2022 | |
| 颶風艾克 | $38[13] | $55.5 | 214 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2008 | 北美 ( |
| 2020年中國南方水災 | $32[36][37] | $38.9 | 278[36] | 洪災 | 2020 | |
| 颱風杜蘇芮 | $28.5[來源請求] | $29.4 | 137 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2023 | 東南亞 ( |
| 新潟縣中越地震 | $28[38][39] | $46.6 | 68 | 地震 | 2004 | |
| 颶風威爾瑪 | $27.4[13] | $44.1 | 87 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2005 | 北美 ( |
| 颶風安德魯 | $27.3[13] | $61.2 | 65 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1992 | |
| 2021年北美冬季風暴 (2月13—17日) | $26.5[40] | $30.8 | 237[41][42][43][44] | 冬季風暴,基礎設施故障(電力) | 2021 | 北美 ( |
| 颶風伊萬 | $26.1[13] | $43.4 | 124 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2004 | 北美 ( |
| 颶風邁克爾 | $25.1[45] | $31.4 | 74 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2018 | 北美 ( |
| 2018年加州山火 | $24.0[25] | $30.1 | 103 | 野火 | 2018 | |
| 2011年錫金地震 | $22.3[46] | $31.2 | 111 | 地震 | 2011 | 南亞 ( |
| 2016年中國南方水災 | $22[47] | $28.8 | 449 | 洪災 | 2016 | |
| 九一一襲擊事件 | $21.8 – $135[48] | $38.7 – $239.7 | 2,996 | 恐怖攻擊 | 2001 | |
| 熱帶風暴丹尼爾 | $21.1[49] | $21.8 | 5,951 – 20,000 | 熱帶氣旋,水壩潰決 | 2023 | |
| 2021年7月河南水災 | $20.9[50] | $24.3 | 398 (官方確認) | 洪災 | 2021 | |
| 1980年伊爾皮尼亞地震 | $20[51] | $76.3 | 4,900 | 地震 | 1980 | |
| 2024年中歐洪災 | $20[52] | $20 | 27 | 洪災 | 2024 | 中歐 ( |
| 2002年歐洲洪災 | $19.2 | $33.6 | 232 | 洪災 | 2002 | 中歐 ( |
| 颶風勞拉 (2020年) | $19.1[36][53] | $23.2 | 77 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2020 | 北美 ( |
| 颶風麗塔 | $18.5[13] | $29.8 | 97 – 125 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2005 | |
| 氣旋洛塔爾 | $17.6[54] | $33.2 | 140 | 歐洲風暴 | 1999 | 西歐 ( |
| 颱風海貝思 | $17.3[55] | $21.3 | 139 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2019 | |
| 颶風查利 | $16.9[13] | $28.1 | 35 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2004 | 北美 ( |
| 2012年奈及利亞洪災 | $16.9[56] | $23.1 | 363 | 洪災 | 2012 | |
| 2006年歐洲熱浪 | $16.3[57] | $23.9 | 3,418 | 熱浪 | 2006 | 歐洲 ( |
| 2009年拉奎拉地震 | $16.0[58] | $23.5 | 308 | 地震 | 2009 | |
| 颶風奧蒂斯 (2023年) | $16.0[59] | $17 | 52或更多 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2023 | |
| 颱風摩羯 | $15.8[來源請求] | $15.8 | 815 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2024 | 東南亞 ( |
| 2012年艾米利亞地震 | $15.8[60] | $21.6 | 27 | 地震 | 2012 | |
| 2013年歐洲洪災 | $15.6[61] | $21.1 | 25 | 洪災 | 2013 | 歐洲 ( |
| 氣旋安攀 | $15.5[62][63] | $18.8 | 128[64] | 熱帶氣旋 | 2020 | 東南亞 ( |
| 颶風馬修 | $15.1[65][66] | $19.8 | 731 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2016 | 北美 ( |
| 1993年大洪水 | $15 – $20[67] | $32.7 – $43.5 | 47 | 洪災 | 1993 | |
| 氣旋達里亞、維維安和維布克 | $15[68] | $36.1 | 197 | 歐洲風暴 | 1990 | 西歐 ( |
| 2004年印度洋大地震 | $15[1] | $25 | 230,000 – 280,000 | 地震、海嘯 | 2004 | 東南亞 ( |
| 2010年俄羅斯森林大火 | $15[69] | $21.6 | 56,000 | 野火、熱浪 | 2010 | |
| 2017年10月加州北部山火 | $15[70][71][需要較佳来源] | $19.2 | 44 | 野火 | 2017 | |
| 2010年智利大地震 | $15 – $30[72] | $21.6 – $43.3 | 525 | 地震 | 2010 | |
| 2020年貝魯特爆炸事故 | $15[73] | $18.2 | 218 | 硝酸銨爆炸 | 2020 | |
| 2024年歐洲洪災 | $14.9[74] | $14.9 | 337+ | 洪災 | 2024 | 歐洲 ( |
| 2023年北美西部熱浪 | $14.8[75] | $15.3 | 995 | 熱浪 | 2023 | 北美 ( |
| 2003年歐洲熱浪 | $14.5[76] | $24.8 | 72,000 | 熱浪 | 2003 | 歐洲 ( |
| 1988年亞美尼亞大地震 | $14.2[77] | $37.8 | 38,000 | 地震 | 1988 | |
| 颶風艾琳 | $14.2[13] | $19.8 | 58 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2011 | 北美 ( |
| 颱風燕子 (2018年) | $13[78] | $16.3 | 21 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2018 | 東亞 ( |
| 氣旋納爾吉斯 | $12.9[79] | $18.8 | 138,366 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2008 | |
| 2015年11月巴黎襲擊案 | $12.7[80] | $16.8 | 130 | 恐怖攻擊 | 2015 | |
| 2015年南印度洪災 | $12[81] | $15.9 | 506 | 洪災 | 2015 | |
| 2020年札格雷布地震 | $11.7[82] | $14.2 | 1 | 地震 | 2020 | |
| 2020年8月中西部直線風暴 | $11.5[83] | $14 | 4[83] | 直線風暴 | 2020 | |
| 2016年義大利中部地震 | $11[84] | $14.4 | 299 | 地震 | 2016 | |
| 2023年艾米利亞-羅馬涅洪災 | $11[85] | $11.4 | 17 | 洪災 | 2023 | |
| 2024年西班牙洪水 | $11[86] | $11 | 232 | 洪災 | 2024 | |
| 2025年緬甸地震 | $11[87] | $11 | 5,456 | 地震 | 2025 | 中南半島 ( |
| 颱風菲特 | $10.4[88] | $14 | 12 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2013 | |
| 2011年龍捲風超級爆發 + 哈克勒堡-菲爾坎貝爾和塔斯卡盧薩-伯明翰龍捲風 | $10.2[25] | $14.3 | 348 | 龍捲風爆發 | 2011 | |
| 2021年北美西部熱浪 | $10.1[75] | $11.7 | 1,400 | 熱浪 | 2021 | |
| 2016年路易斯安那洪災 | $10 – $15[89] | $13.1 – $19.7 | 13 | 洪災 | 2016 | |
| 1980年美國熱浪 | $10[25] | $38.2 | 1,700 – 10,000 | 乾旱 | 1980 | |
| 颱風密瑞兒 | $10[90] | $23.1 | 64 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1991 | |
| 921大地震 | $10[91] | $18.9 | 2,415 | 地震 | 1999 | |
| 新潟縣中越近海地震 | $10[92] | $15.2 | 11 | 地震 | 2007 | |
| 2015年4月尼泊爾地震 | $10[93] | $13.3 | 8,964 | 地震 | 2015 | 南亞 ( |
| 風暴基里爾 | $10[68] | $15.2 | 44 | 歐洲風暴 | 2007 | 西歐 ( |
| 2008年美國中西部大洪水 | $10[25] | $14.6 | 16 | 洪災 | 2008 | |
| 唐山大地震 | $10[25] | $55.3 | 242,419 – 655,000 | 地震 | 1976 | |
| 颱風法茜 (2019年) | $10[94] | $12.3 | 3 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2019 | |
| 2014年魯甸地震 | $9.91[95] | $13.2 | 615 – 727 | 地震 | 2014 | |
| 2018年7月西日本豪雨 | $9.86 (官方估計) [來源請求] |
$12.1 | 238 (官方確認) | 洪災 | 2018 | |
| 颶風弗朗西絲 | $9.8[13][96][97][98] | $16.3 | 50 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2004 | 北美 ( |
| 颶風雨果 | $9.5[13] | $24.1 | 60 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1989 | 北美 ( |
| 颶風喬治 | $9.4[13] | $18.1 | 604 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1998 | 北美 ( |
| 颱風利奇馬 | $9.28[99] | $11.4 | 105 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2019 | 東南亞 ( |
| 氣旋加布里埃爾 | $9.2[100] | $9.5 | 11 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2023 | |
| 2022年奈及利亞洪災 | $9.12[101] | $9.8 | 612 | 洪災 | 2022 | |
| 热带风暴阿利森 | $9[102] | $16 | 55 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2001 | |
| 颱風桑達 (2004年) | $9[103] | $15 | 28 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2004 | |
| 2022年福島地震 | $8.8[104] | $9.5 | 4 | 地震 | 2022 | |
| 1999年伊茲密特地震 | $8.5[105] | $16 | 17,127 – 18,373 | 地震 | 1999 | |
| 颶風古斯塔夫 (2008年) | $8.3[13] | $12.1 | 153 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2008 | 北美 ( |
| 颶風伊塔 | $8.3[36] | $10.1 | 189 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2020 | 加勒比海盆地 ( |
| 2010年海地地震 | $8.1 – $14[106][107] | $11.7 – $20.2 | 100,000 – 220,000 | 地震 | 2010 | |
| 氣旋法尼 | $8.1[108] | $10 | 89 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2019 | |
| 1990年曼吉爾-魯德巴地震 | $8[109] | $19.3 | 45,000 | 地震 | 1990 | |
| 2017年普埃布拉州地震 | $8[110] | $10.3 | 370 | 地震 | 2017 | |
| 颶風珍妮 | $7.9[13] | $13.2 | 3,035 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2004 | 北美 ( |
| 2016年麥克默里堡森林大火 | $7.61[111][112] | $10 | 2 | 野火 | 2016 | |
| 2022年中國高溫 | $7.6[113] | $8.2 | 50,900[114] | 熱浪 | 2022 | |
| 2023年斯洛維尼亞洪災 | $7.6[115] | $7.8 | 7 | 洪災 | 2023 | 朱利安阿爾卑斯山 ( |
| 2001年印度古吉拉特邦大地震 | $7.5[116] | $13.3 | 20,023 | 地震 | 2001 | |
| 2021年太平洋西北洪災 | $7.5[117] | $8.7 | 5 | 洪災 | 2021 | |
| 2024年能登半島地震 | >$7.4 (估計)[118] | >$7.4 | 570 | 地震 | 2024 | |
| 2020年颶風薩莉 | $7.3[83] | $8.9 | 5[83] | 熱帶氣旋 | 2020 | |
| 2024年5月19-27日龍捲風爆發 | $7.3[119] | $7.3 | 31 | 龍捲風爆發 | 2024 | |
| 颱風威馬遜 | $7.13[120] | $9.5 | 196 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2014 | 東南亞 ( |
| 2023年摩洛哥地震 | $7[121] | $7.2 | 2,960 | 地震 | 2023 | |
| 阿拉斯加港灣漏油事件 | $7[122] | $17.8 | 0 | 污染(石油) | 1989 | 北美 ( |
| 颱風妮娜 (1975年) + 河南“75·8”水库溃坝 | $6.7[123] | $39.2 | 229,000 | 熱帶氣旋、水壩潰決 | 1975 | |
| 颶風弗洛伊德 | $6.5[13] | $12.3 | 74 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1999 | 北美 ( |
| 2007年英國洪災 | $6.5[124] | $9.9 | 13 | 洪災 | 2007 | |
| 颱風天鴿 | $6.41[125][126][127] | $8.2 | 24 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2017 | 東南亞 ( |
| 哥倫比亞號太空梭災難 | $6.4[128] | $10.9 | 7 | 太空飛行事故 | 2003 | |
| 颱風桑美 (2000年) | $6.3[129] | $11.2 | 28 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2000 | 東亞 ( |
| 黑色星期六山火 | $6.3[20] | $9.2 | 173 | 野火 | 2009 | |
| 2017年伊朗-伊拉克地震 | $6.2[130] | $8 | 630 | 地震 | 2017 | |
| 颱風莫拉克 | $6.2[131] | $9.1 | 789 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2009 | 東南亞 ( |
| 颶風貝里爾 | $6.2[132] | $6.2 | 70 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2024 | 加勒比海盆地 ( |
| 颶風米奇 | $6.1[13] | $11.8 | 11,374+ | 熱帶氣旋 | 1998 | 北美 ( |
| 氣旋辛西婭 | $6.1[68] | $8.8 | 75 | 歐洲風暴 | 2010 | 西歐 ( |
| 2020年彼得里尼亞地震 | $6.1[133] | $7.4 | 7 | 地震 | 2020 | 巴爾幹半島 ( |
| 2024年5月6-10日龍捲風爆發 | $6.1[119] | $6.1 | 6 | 龍捲風爆發 | 2024 | |
| 1989年洛馬普里塔地震 | $6[134] | $15.2 | 63 | 地震 | 1989 | |
| 颱風巴比侖 | $6[135] | $11 | 75 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2000 | 東北亞 ( |
| 2003年美加大停電 | $6[136] | $10.3 | 11 | 基礎設施故障(電力) | 2003 | |
| 氣旋克勞斯 | $6[68] | $8.8 | 26 | 歐洲風暴 | 2009 | 東南歐 ( |
| 2013年亞伯達洪水 | $6[137] | $8.1 | 5 | 洪災 | 2013 | |
| 颱風珊珊 | $6[138] | $6 | 8 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2024 | |
| 2023年3月31日-4月1日龍捲風爆發 | $5.7[139] | $5.9 | 33 | 龍捲風爆發 | 2023 | |
| 2020年7月日本水災 | $5.67[140] | $6.9 | 77 | 洪災 | 2020 | |
| 氣旋古德倫 | $5.5[68] | $8.9 | 24 | 歐洲風暴 | 2005 | 北歐 ( |
| 颶風伊莎貝爾 | $5.5[13] | $9.4 | 51 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2003 | |
| 1993年世紀風暴 | $5.5[141] | $12 | 270[141] | 冬季風暴 | 1993 | |
| 2023年夏威夷山火 | $5.5[119] | $5.7 | 102 | 野火 | 2023 | |
| 2005年克什米爾大地震 | $5.2[142] | $8.4 | 86,000 – 87,351 | 地震 | 2005 | |
| 1980年阿斯南地震 | $5.2[143] | $19.8 | 5,000 | 地震 | 1980 | |
| 颶風多利安 | $5.1[144][145][146] | $6.3 | 84[145][146] | 熱帶氣旋 | 2019 | 北美 ( |
| 1931年江淮水災 | $5.07[147] | $104.8 | 422,499 – 4,000,000 | 洪災 | 1931 | |
| 1985年墨西哥城大地震 | $5[148] | $14.6 | 10,000 – 35,000 | 地震 | 1985 | |
| 颱風賀伯 | $5[149] | $10 | 284 – 590 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1996 | 東亞 ( |
| 2003年布米爾達斯省地震 | $5[51] | $8.5 | 2,266 | 地震 | 2003 | |
| 2010年埃亞菲亞德拉火山爆發 | $5[150] | $7.2 | 0 | 火山爆發 | 2010 | |
| 2019年熱帶風暴伊美黛 | $5[151] | $6.1 | 5[151] | 熱帶氣旋 | 2019 | |
| 2025年西藏地震 | $5[152] | $5 | 126 | 地震 | 2025 | 南亞 ( |
| 2019年卡納塔克邦洪災 | $4.95[153] | $6.1 | 61 | 洪災 | 2019 | |
| 2014年歐洲東南部洪災 | $4.8[154] | $6.4 | 86 | 洪災 | 2014 | 東南歐 ( |
| 2018年喀拉拉邦洪災 | $4.8[155] | $6 | 483 | 洪災 | 2018 | |
| 2021年—2022年馬來西亞洪災 | $4.77[156] | $5.1 | 54 | 洪災 | 2022 | |
| 颶風奧帕爾 | $4.7[13] | $9.7 | 63 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1995 | 北美 ( |
| 1997年翁布里亞和馬爾凱地震 | $4.67[157] | $9.1 | 11 | 地震 | 1997 | |
| 颱風海燕 | $4.6[158][159][160] | $6.2 | 6,329 – 7,403 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2013 | 東南亞 ( |
| 2022年—2023年加州洪災 | $4.6[161] | $4.7 | 22 | 洪災 | 2022-23 | |
| 1979年蒙特內哥羅地震 | $4.5[162] | $19.5 | 136 | 地震 | 1979 | |
| 1997年中歐洪災 | $4.5[163] | $8.8 | 114 | 洪災 | 1997 | 中歐 |
| 1997年印尼森林大火 + 1997年東南亞霾害 + 加魯達航空152號班機空難 | $4.47[164] | $8.8 | 240 | 野火、後續霾害和飛機失事 | 1997 | 東南亞 ( |
| 1999年奧里薩氣旋 | $4.44[165] | $8.4 | 9,887 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1999 | 南亞 ( |
| 2020年蘇丹洪災 | $4.43[166] | $5.4 | 100 | 洪災 | 2020 | |
| 氣旋古努 | $4.42[167] | $6.7 | 78 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2007 | |
| 颶風澤塔 (2020年) | $4.4[168] | $5.3 | 9 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2020 | 北美和安地列斯群島 ( |
| 颱風瑪娃 (2023年) | $4.3[169] | $4.4 | 6 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2023 | 西太平洋盆地 ( |
| 氣旋費林 | $4.26[170] | $5.8 | 46 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2013 | 南亞 ( |
| 1999年雅典地震 | $4.2[171] | $7.9 | 143 | 地震 | 1999 | |
| 颱風鹿莎 | $4.2[172] | $7.3 | 238 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2002 | 東亞 ( |
| 颶風曼努埃爾 | $4.2[173] | $5.7 | 123 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2013 | |
| 2003年5月龍捲風爆發 | $4.1[25] | $7 | 42 | 龍捲風 | 2003 | |
| 2019年伊朗洪水 | $4.1[174] | $5 | 77 | 洪災 | 2019 | |
| 1987年大風暴 | $4[68] | $11.1 | 22 | 歐洲風暴 | 1987 | 西歐 ( |
| 2017年恰帕斯州地震 | $4[175] | $5.1 | 98 | 地震 | 2017 | |
| 颶風丹尼斯 | $3.98[176][177] | $6.4 | 88 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2005 | 北美和安地列斯群島 ( |
| 1983年西班牙洪災 | $3.9[178] | $12.3 | 34 | 洪災 | 1983 | |
| 颶風斯坦 | $3.9[179] | $6.3 | 1,673 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2005 | 中美洲 ( |
| 颶風卡爾 | $3.9[180] | $5.6 | 22 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2010 | |
| 2021年12月10日—11日美國龍捲風 | $3.9[181] | $4.5 | 90 | 龍捲風 | 2021 | |
| 氣旋奇多 | $3.9[182] | $3.9 | 172+ | 氣旋 | 2024 | 西南非洲 ( |
| 颱風山竹 | $3.74[183] | $4.7 | 134 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2018 | 東南亞 ( |
| 2024年巴西南里奧格蘭德州洪災 | $3.7[184] | $3.7 | 181 | 洪災 | 2024 | |
| 颶風伊莎貝爾 | $3.6[185] | $6.2 | 51 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2003 | 北美和安地列斯群島 ( |
| 氣旋雅思 | $3.6[186] | $4.1 | 7 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2011 | |
| 氣旋赫德赫德 | $3.58[187] | $4.8 | 124 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2014 | |
| 颱風尤特 (2013年) | $3.55[188] | $4.8 | 97 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2013 | |
| 氣旋布爾布爾 | $3.54[189] | $4.4 | 43 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2019 | 南亞 ( |
| 瓦爾加斯悲劇 | $3.5[190] | $6.6 | 10,000 – 30,000 | 洪災、山崩和泥流 | 1999 | |
| 2016年凱庫拉地震 | $3.5[191] | $4.6 | 2 | 地震 | 2016 | |
| 颶風伊達利亞 (2023年) | $3.5[192] | $3.6 | 12 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2023 | 北美 ( |
| 氣旋瓦爾達 | $3.37[193] | $4.4 | 47 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2016 | 印度洋盆地 ( |
| 2022年東澳大利亞洪水 | $3.33[194] | $3.6 | 27 | 洪災 | 2022 | |
| 颶風路易斯 | $3.3[195] | $6.8 | 19 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1995 | 北美和安地列斯群島 ( |
| 2018年北海道地震 | $3.3[196] | $4.1 | 41 | 地震 | 2018 | |
| 1976年恰爾德蘭-穆拉迪耶地震 | $3.2[197] | $17.7 | 5,000 | 地震 | 1976 | |
| 挑戰者號太空梭災難 | $3.2[198] | $9.2 | 7[199] | 太空飛行事故 | 1986 | |
| 颱風溫妮 (1997年) | $3.2[200] | $6.3 | 372 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1997 | 東亞 ( |
| 2010年中歐洪災 | $3.14[201] | $4.5 | 37 | 洪災 | 2010 | 中歐 ( |
| 2012年颶風艾薩克 | $3.11[202][203] | $4.3 | 41 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2012 | 北美和安地列斯群島 ( |
| 1976年莫羅灣地震 | $3.1[204] | $17.1 | 8,000 | 地震 | 1976 | |
| 颶風伊尼基 | $3.1[13] | $6.9 | 6 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1992 | |
| 2006年日惹地震 | $3.1[205] | $4.8 | 5,749 | 地震 | 2006 | |
| 2019年—2020年波多黎各地震 | $3.1[206] | $3.8 | 4 | 地震 | 2020 | |
| 2023年加拿大野火 | $3.1[207] | $3.2 | 8 | 野火 | 2023 | |
| 颶風德爾塔 | $3.09[208] | $3.8 | 6 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2020 | 北美和中美洲 ( |
| 颶風費歐娜 | $3.09[209][210] | $3.3 | 29 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2022 | 北美 ( |
| 1964年新潟地震 | $3.0[211] | $30.4 | 36 | 地震 | 1964 | |
| 颶風艾麗西亞 | $3.0[212] | $9.5 | 21 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1983 | |
| 颶風吉爾伯特 | $3.0[13] | $8 | 318 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1988 | 北美 ( |
| 2016年厄瓜多地震 | $3.0[213] | $3.9 | 676 | 地震 | 2016 | 拉丁美洲 ( |
| 2019年阿肯色河洪災 | $3.0[214] | $3.7 | 5 | 洪災 | 2019 | |
| 氣旋雅思 | $2.99[215] | $3.5 | 20 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2021 | 南亞 ( |
| 2012年6月北美直線風 | $2.9[25] | $4 | 22 | 直線風 | 2012 | |
| 2019年美國中西部洪災 | $2.9[25] | $3.6 | 3 | 洪災 | 2019 | |
| 2011年熱帶風暴李 | $2.8[216] | $3.9 | 18 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2011 | |
| 2011年喬普林龍捲風 | $2.8[217] | $3.9 | 158 | 龍捲風 | 2011 | |
| 氣旋黛比 | $2.73[218] | $3.5 | 14 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2017 | |
| AZF化工廠爆炸 | $2.68[219] | $4.8 | 29 | 爆炸 | 2001 | |
| 2010年坎特伯雷地震 | $2.63[220] | $3.8 | 2 | 地震 | 2010 | |
| 1989年紐卡索地震 | $2.6[221] | $6.6 | 13 | 地震 | 1989 | |
| 2019年5月龍捲風爆發 | $2.5[25] | $3.1 | 8 | 龍捲風 | 2019 | |
| 2017年蒙大拿野火 | $2.5[25] | $3.2 | 2 | 乾旱、野火 | 2017 | |
| 2017年明尼亞波利斯冰雹風暴 | $2.5[25] | $3.2 | 0 | 冰雹風暴 | 2017 | |
| 颶風約翰 (2024年) | $2.5[222] | $2.5 | 29 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2024 | |
| 2024年花蓮地震 | $2.5[223] | $2.5 | 19 | 地震 | 2024 | 東亞 ( |
| 颶風蜜雪兒 | $2.43[224] | $4.3 | 48 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2001 | 北美和中美洲 ( |
| 2024年7月13日—16日嚴重天氣 | $2.4[119] | $2.4 | 5 | 直線風、龍捲風爆發、洪災 | 2024 | |
| 颱風凱米 (2024年) | $2.31[225][226] | $2.3 | 126 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2024 | 東南亞 ( |
| 氣旋錫德 | $2.3[227] | $3.5 | 15,000 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2007 | 南亞 ( |
| 2009年蘇門答臘地震 | $2.3[228] | $3.4 | 1,115 | 地震 | 2009 | |
| 颱風麥莎 | $2.23[229] | $3.6 | 25 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2005 | 東亞 ( |
| 2022年瀘定地震 | $2.23[230] | $2.4 | 93 | 地震 | 2022 | |
| 風暴奇亞蘭 | $2.22[231] | $2.3 | 21 | 歐洲風暴 | 2023 | 歐洲 ( |
| 2017年丹佛冰雹風暴 | $2.2[25] | $2.8 | 0 | 冰雹風暴 | 2017 | |
| 2011年凡城地震 | $2.2[232] | $3.1 | 642 | 地震 | 2011 | |
| 氣旋穆查 | $2.2[233] | $2.3 | 463 – 564 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2023 | 南亞 ( |
| 氣旋羅阿努 | $2.13[234] | $2.8 | 135 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2016 | 南亞 ( |
| 颶風艾格尼絲 | $2.1[235] | $15.8 | 128 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1972 | 北美和安地列斯群島 ( |
| 氣旋BOB 03和葉敏 | $2.1[236] | $3.2 | 983 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2007 | 南亞 ( |
| 2017年3月6日—7日龍捲風爆發 | $2.1[25] | $2.7 | 0 | 龍捲風 | 2017 | |
| 氣旋科門 | $2.06[237][238] | $2.7 | 167 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2015 | 南亞 ( |
| 2023年積石山縣地震 | $2.05[239] | $2.1 | 151 | 地震 | 2023 | |
| 颱風煙花 | $2.04[240] | $2.4 | 6 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2021 | 東亞 ( |
| 特頓壩 | $2[241] | $11.1 | 11 | 水壩潰決 | 1976 | |
| 1977年布加勒斯特地震 | $2[242] | $10.4 | 1,700 | 地震 | 1977 | 黑海盆地 ( |
| 颶風瓊安—米麗安 | $2[243] | $5.3 | 337 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1988 | 中南美洲 ( |
| 1999年哥倫比亞地震 | $2[244] | $3.8 | 1,900 – 5,800 | 地震 | 1999 | |
| 氣旋安娜托爾 | $2[245] | $3.8 | 20 | 歐洲風暴 | 1999 | 中歐 ( |
| 2001年尼斯奎利地震 | $2[246] | $3.6 | 1 | 地震 | 2001 | |
| 歌詩達協和號觸礁事故 | $2[247] | $2.7 | 33 | 海難 | 2012 | |
| 2013年穆爾龍捲風 | $2[248] | $2.7 | 26 | 龍捲風 | 2013 | |
| 2022年阿富汗洪災 | $2[249] | $2.1 | 670 | 洪災 | 2022 | |
| 2024年波斯灣洪災 | $2[250] | $2 | 46 | 洪災 | 2024 | 波斯灣盆地 ( |
| 颶風黛比 (2024年) | $2[251] | $2 | 10 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2024 | 北美和安地列斯群島 ( |
| 2003年十勝近海地震 | $1.9[252] | $3.2 | 1 | 地震 | 2003 | |
| 法蘭西斯·史考特·基大橋倒塌事故 | $1.9[253] | $1.9 | 6 | 橋樑倒塌 | 2024 | |
| 氣旋艾拉 | $1.83[254] | $2.7 | 339 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2009 | |
| 颱風軒嵐諾 | $1.81[255] | $1.9 | 20 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2022 | 東亞 ( |
| 颶風菲菲—奧琳 | $1.8[256] | $11.5 | 8,210 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1974 | 中美洲 ( |
| 2011年土撥鼠日暴雪 | $1.8[257] | $2.5 | 36[257] | 冬季風暴 | 2011 | 北美 ( |
| 2023年印度北部洪水 | $1.8[258] | $1.9 | 422 | 洪災 | 2023 | |
| 颶風大衛 | $1.79[259] | $7.8 | 2,078 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1979 | 北美和安地列斯群島 ( |
| 颶風弗雷德里克 | $1.77[260] | $7.7 | 12 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1979 | 北美和安地列斯群島 ( |
| 氣旋賈爾 | $1.73[261] | $2.5 | 118 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2010 | 南亞和東南亞 ( |
| 2018年蘇拉威西島地震 | $1.71[262] | $2.1 | 4,340 (確認) | 地震和海嘯 | 2018 | |
| 派珀-阿爾法鑽油平台爆炸 | $1.7[263] | $5.8 | 165 | 爆炸 (鑽油平台) | 1988 | |
| 1991年孟加拉氣旋 | $1.7[264] | $3.9 | 138,866 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1991 | 南亞 ( |
| 深低壓ARB 02 (2008年) | $1.64[265] | $2.4 | 180 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2008 | |
| 颱風萬宜 (2013年) | $1.62[266] | $2.2 | 6 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2013 | |
| 2016年凱庫拉地震 | $1.62[267] | $2.1 | 2 | 地震 | 2016 | |
| 2001年薩爾瓦多地震 | $1.6[268] | $2.8 | 1,259 | 地震 | 2001 | 拉丁美洲 ( |
| 颶風多莉 (2008年) | $1.6[269][270] | $2.3 | 22 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2008 | 北美和中美洲 ( |
| 2013年蘆山地震 | $1.6[271] | $2.2 | 216 | 地震 | 2013 | |
| 2021年海地地震 | $1.6[272] | $1.9 | 2,248 | 地震 | 2021 | |
| 颶風艾倫 | $1.57 | $6 | 269 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1980 | 北美 ( |
| 2020年越南水災 | $1.57[273] | $1.9 | 233 | 洪災 | 2020 | 中南半島 ( |
| 氣旋陶特 | $1.57[274] | $1.8 | 174 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2021 | 南亞 ( |
| 2022年夸祖魯-納塔爾省水災 | $1.57[275] | $1.7 | 436 | 洪災 | 2022 | |
| 2020年埃拉澤地震 | $1.56[276] | $1.9 | 41 | 地震 | 2020 | |
| 2019年達拉斯龍捲風 | $1.55[277] | $1.9 | 0 | 龍捲風 | 2019 | |
| 氣旋弗雷迪 | $1.53[278] | $1.6 | 1,434 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2023 | 南部非洲 ( |
| 2000年秋季西歐洪災 | $1.52[279] | $2.8 | 20 | 洪災 | 2000 | 西歐 ( |
| 颶風胡安 (1985年) | $1.5[280] | $4.4 | 12 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1985 | |
| 颶風鮑勃 | $1.5[281] | $3.5 | 17 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1991 | 北大西洋 ( |
| 2003年巴姆大地震 | $1.5[282] | $2.6 | 34,000 | 地震 | 2003 | |
| 颱風泰利 (2005年) | $1.5[283] | $2.4 | 172 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2005 | 東南亞 ( |
| 2013年颶風英格麗德 | $1.5[284] | $2 | 32 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2013 | |
| 氣旋梅庫努 | $1.5[285] | $1.9 | 31 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2018 | 阿拉伯半島 ( |
| 2019年巴西布魯馬迪紐尾礦壩事故 | $1.5[286] | $1.8 | 270 | 水壩潰決 | 2019 | |
| 颱風黑格比 (2020年) | $1.5[287] | $1.8 | 17 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2020 | 東亞 ( |
| 颶風法蘭辛 | $1.5[288] | $1.5 | 0 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2024 | |
| 颱風雲雀 | $1.48[289][290] | $1.9 | 0 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2018 | |
| 熱帶風暴艾濤 (2009年) | $1.44[291] | $2.1 | 28 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2009 | |
| 2023年奧克蘭周年紀念日週末洪災 | $1.43[292] | $1.5 | 4 | 洪災 | 2023 | |
| 颶風卡蜜兒 | $1.42[3] | $12.2 | 259 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1969 | 北美和安地列斯群島 ( |
| 2020年納什維爾龍捲風 | $1.418[293][294] | $1.7 | 5 | 龍捲風 | 2020 | |
| 氣旋溫斯頓 | $1.4[295] | $1.8 | 44 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2016 | |
| 氣旋伊代 | $1.4[296] | $1.7 | 1,593 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2019 | 南部非洲 ( |
| 颶風約塔 | $1.4[36] | $1.7 | 84 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2020 | 拉丁美洲 ( |
| 2021年老昆布雷火山爆發 | $1.4[297] | $1.6 | 1 | 火山爆發 | 2021 | |
| 2009年墨西拿洪災和泥石流 | $1.39[298] | $2 | 31 | 洪災和泥石流 | 2009 | |
| 颶風艾琳娜 | $1.3[299] | $3.8 | 9 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1985 | |
| 熱帶風暴弗雷德 (2021年) | $1.3[257] | $1.5 | 7 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2021 | 北美和安地列斯群島 ( |
| 2021年福島地震 | $1.3[300] | $1.5 | 1 | 地震 | 2021 | |
| 1993年拉圖爾地震 | $1.3[105] | $2.8 | 9,748 | 地震 | 1993 | |
| 颶風伊西多爾 | $1.28[301][302] | $2.2 | 22 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2002 | 北美和中美洲 ( |
| 2011年歐洲洪災 | $1.25[303][304] | $1.7 | 17 | 洪災 | 2011 | 歐洲和北非 ( |
| 颶風奧迪爾 | $1.25[305] | $1.7 | 18 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2014 | |
| 雪松大火 | $1.24 – $2[306] | $2.1 – $3.4 | 15 | 野火 | 2003 | |
| 2020年海得拉巴洪水 | $1.23[307] | $1.5 | 98 | 洪災 | 2020 | |
| 2020年卡加利冰雹風暴 | $1.2 – $1.4[36][308][309] | $1.5 – $1.7 | 0 | 冰雹風暴 | 2020 | |
| 1965年棕櫚主日龍捲風爆發 | $1.217[310] | $12.1 | 266 | 龍捲風爆發 | 1965 | |
| 1996年阿曼氣旋 | $1.2[311] | $2.4 | 341 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1996 | 阿拉伯海盆地 ( |
| 2011年1月里約熱內盧州洪水和泥石流 | $1.2[312] | $1.7 | 916 | 洪災、泥石流 | 2011 | |
| 氣旋維羅妮卡 | $1.2[313] | $1.5 | 0 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2019 | |
| 颶風艾爾莎 | $1.2[257] | $1.4 | 13 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2021 | 北美和安地列斯群島 ( |
| 2022年7-8月美國洪災 | $1.2[314] | $1.3 | 44 | 洪災 | 2022 | |
| 2023年聖保羅洪災和山崩 | $1.2[315] | $1.2 | 65 | 洪災、山崩 | 2023 | |
| 2024年休士頓風暴 | $1.2[119] | $1.2 | 8 | 風暴 | 2024 | |
| 颱風法雷德 (1994年) | $1.18[316] | $2.5 | 3,063 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1994 | 東亞 ( |
| 颱風海棠 (2005年) | $1.17[317] | $1.9 | 20 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2005 | 東亞 ( |
| 2010年下加利福尼亚州地震 | $1.15[318] | $1.7 | 4 | 地震 | 2010 | |
| 氣旋伊塔 | $1.15[319][320] | $1.5 | 40 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2014 | 大洋洲 ( |
| 颱風寶霞_(2012年) | $1.1[321] | $1.5 | 1,901 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2012 | |
| 三哩島核事故 | $1.1[322] | $4.8 | 0 | 污染 (輻射) | 1979 | |
| 1980年聖海倫火山爆發 | $1.1[323] | $4.2 | 57 | 火山爆發、後續山崩和泥石流 | 1980 | |
| 熱帶風暴阿加莎 | $1.1[324] | $1.6 | 204 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2010 | 中美洲 ( |
| 2013年印度洪水 | $1.1[325] | $1.5 | 6,054 | 洪災 | 2013 | |
| 2021年5月美國中南部洪災 | $1.1[326] | $1.3 | 5 | 洪災 | 2021 | |
| 颶風尼古拉斯 | $1.1[327] | $1.3 | 4 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2021 | |
| 2023年俄亥俄州列車脫軌事故 | $1.1[328] | $1.1 | 0 | 污染 (危險物質) | 2023 | |
| 2019年阿爾巴尼亞地震 | $1.09[329] | $1.3 | 51 | 地震 | 2019 | |
| 2015年天津港危化品倉庫爆炸事故 | $1.08 (官方估計) [來源請求] |
$1.4 | 173 (官方確認) | 爆炸 | 2015 | |
| 颱風環高 | $1.06[330] | $1.3 | 102 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2020 | 東南亞 ( |
| 氣旋加蘭斯 | $1.05[331] | $1.1 | 5 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2025 | 西南印度洋 ( |
| 熱帶風暴阿爾貝托 (1994年) | $1.03[332] | $2.2 | 33 | 熱帶氣旋 | 1994 | |
| 颱風達維 (2017年) | $1.03[333] | $1.3 | 142 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2017 | 東南亞 ( |
| 1923年關東大地震 | $1[334] | $18.5 | 142,800 | 地震 | 1923 | |
| 1948年福井地震 | $1[335] | $13.1 | 3,769 | 地震 | 1948 | |
| 瓦伊昂水壩災難 | $1[336] | $10.3 | 2,500 | 山崩、後續巨型海嘯和水壩潰決 | 1963 | |
| 1963年斯科普里地震 | $1[337] | $10.3 | 1,100 | 地震 | 1963 | |
| 1972年尼加拉瓜地震 | $1[338] | $7.5 | 10,000 | 地震 | 1972 | |
| 1976年瓜地馬拉地震 | $1[339] | $5.5 | 23,000 | 地震 | 1976 | |
| 颱風凱薩娜 | $1[340] | $1.5 | 921 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2009 | 東南亞 ( |
| 阿爾梅羅慘劇 | $1[341] | $2.9 | 22,540 | 火山爆發、泥石流 | 1985 | |
| 瑟夫賽德公寓大樓倒塌事故 | $1 | $1.2 | 98 | 結構倒塌 | 2021 | |
| 1978年塞薩洛尼基地震 | $1[109] | $4.8 | 50 | 地震 | 1978 | |
| 1983年日本海中部地震 | $1[342] | $3.2 | 104 | 地震 | 1983 | |
| 1985年阿爾加羅沃地震 | $1[343] | $2.9 | 177 | 地震 | 1985 | |
| 1987年厄瓜多爾地震 | $1[344] | $2.8 | 1,000 – 5,000 | 地震 | 1987 | |
| 1988年尼泊爾地震 | $1[345] | $2.7 | 709 | 地震 | 1988 | |
| 1992年開羅地震 | $1[346] | $2.2 | 561 | 地震 | 1992 | |
| 1994年帕埃斯河地震 | $1[347] | $2.1 | 1,100 | 地震 | 1994 | |
| 1998年阿達納-傑伊漢地震 | $1[348] | $1.9 | 145 | 地震 | 1998 | |
| 1999年杜茲傑地震 | $1[349] | $1.9 | 845 – 894 | 地震 | 1999 | |
| 1999年橋溪-摩爾龍捲風 | $1[248] | $1.9 | 41 | 龍捲風 | 1999 | |
| 2014年南納帕地震 | $1[350] | $1.3 | 1 | 地震 | 2014 | |
| 氣旋盧班 | $1[351] | $1.3 | 14 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2018 | 阿拉伯海盆地 ( |
| 颶風妮可 (2022年) | $1[352] | $1.1 | 11 | 熱帶氣旋 | 2022 | 北美和安地列斯群島 ( |
| 2024年智利山火 | $1[353] | $1 | 137-507 | 野火 | 2024 | |
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