谨务
| 犹太教概述 |
| 犹太教 |
|---|
   |
谨务（希伯來語：צניעות，羅馬化：tzniut、塞法迪式发音:seni‘ut、阿什肯納茲式发音:tznius、意第緒語：באשיידנקייט，羅馬化：basheydnkeyt）是指端庄与酌量的性格特质，以及一组与规范此类行为相关的犹太律法[1][2]。谨务的概念在正统派犹太教中至关重要[3]。
概要
[编辑]谨务（Tzniut）包含一系列与着装和行为端庄相关的犹太律法。在《巴比伦塔木德》中，拉比埃拉扎尔·巴尔·扎多克（Elazar Bar Tzadok）将《弥迦书》6:8中“存谦卑的心，与你的神同行”的训诫解释为谨慎地举行葬礼和婚礼。《塔木德》随后扩展了他的解释：“如果在通常公开举行的事务中，例如葬礼和婚礼，妥拉教导我们要谨慎行事，那么本质上就应该谨慎行事的事务，如对穷人的施舍，则多么应该更加谨慎，不公开，不张扬。”[4]
正统犹太教则在律法层面上以更具技术性的用词进行讨论讨论了谨务的问题，例如一个人可以露出多少皮肤等等[5][6][7]。这些细节强调了谨务作为一种行为准则、性质和意识的概念[8]，而其在实践上往往更体现于女性而非男性上[9]。
参见
[编辑]
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ modesty_final.pdf
- ^ Tznius: Modesty. www.chabad.org. [2025-08-22] （英语）.
- ^ Lamm, Rabbi Maurice. Modesty (Tzniut). My Jewish Learning. [2025-08-22] （美国英语）.
- ^ Sukkah 49b
- ^ Bloch, Emmanuel. Immodest Modesty: The Emergence of Halakhic Dress Codes. Studies in Judaism, Humanities, and the Social Sciences. 2018-12-01, 2 (1): 25–32. ISSN 2473-2613. doi:10.26613/sjhss.2.1.16 （英语）.
- ^ Sirbu, Rebecca. The Modesty Wars. My Jewish Learning. 2016-08-29 [2023-11-24] （美国英语）.
- ^ Urim Publications: UNDERSTANDING TZNIUT: Modern Controversies in the Jewish Community. www.urimpublications.com. [2023-11-24].
- ^ Modesty (Tzniut). My Jewish Learning. [2023-11-24] （美国英语）.
- ^ Parshat Vayishlach: Modesty in the Age of Abuse. Orthodox Union (OU Torah). 27 November 2017 [2019-03-22] （英语）.
Traditional Judaism has long maintained that the onus of protection from inappropriate and damaging relations between men and women was on women; that the laws of tzniut landed heavier on them. [Yet] I have always taught that such an understanding is misleading, shortsighted, and wrong... Men are no less responsible – perhaps more so! – for all that tzniut is. We often associate it with women more because its practice is more obvious with women.
书目
[编辑]- Saul J. Berman, "A History of the Law of Kol 'isha" In: Rabbi Joseph H. Lookstein Memorial Volume. Leo Landman, Ed. Ktav, 1980.
- Shmuley Boteach, Kosher Sex: A Recipe for Passion and Intimacy, Main Street Books, 2000, ISBN 0-385-49466-1. Written from a Modern Orthodox perspective.
- Elliot N. Dorff, This Is My Beloved: This Is My Friend: A Rabbinic Letter on Intimate Relations, The Rabbinical Assembly, 1996. Written from a Conservative Jewish perspective.
- Elyakim Ellinson, Women and the Mitzvot: The modest way. An extensive review of the laws of modesty including synagogue separation, mingling of the sexes, and women's dress. ISBN 1-58330-148-8.
- Rabbi Pesach Eliyahu Falk: Modesty: an adornment for life. Phillip Feldheim, 1998. ISBN 0-87306-874-2. Encyclopedic work on Tzeniut, although considered quite stringent by some. Written from a Haredi Orthodox perspective.
- Michael Gold, Does God Belong in the Bedroom? JPS, 1992. Written from a Conservative Jewish perspective.
- Gila Manolson: Outside/Inside. Targum Press. ISBN 1-56871-123-9.
- Gila Manolson: The Magic Touch. Targum Press. ISBN 1-58330-102-X.
- Wendy Shalit, A Return to Modesty: Discovering the Lost Virtue, Free Press, 2004, ISBN 0-684-86317-0
