支原体门

支原体门
科学分类
域：	细菌域 Bacteria
界：	芽孢杆菌界 Bacillati
门：	支原体门 Mycoplasmatota; Murray 2021
纲
	“异血浆质菌” "Izemoplasmatia"; 柔膜菌纲（柔膜体纲） Mollicutes;
異名
	“无膜细菌” "Aphragmabacteria" Margulis & Schwartz 1982; “柔膜菌门” "Mollicutaeota" Oren et al. 2015; “柔膜菌门” "Mollicutota" Whitman et al. 2018; “柔壁菌门” "Tenericuteota" Panda, Islam & Sharma 2022; “柔壁菌门” "Tenericutes" Murray 1984 ex Brown 2010;

支原体门或枝原体门（学名：Mycoplasmatota）是包含柔膜菌纲（Mollicutes）的细菌门。该门最初名为柔壁菌门（学名：Tenericutes）“tener cutis”该词的意思为“柔软的皮肤”。^[5]^[4]^[6]该门的其它名称有软壁菌门、无壁菌门。该门命名于1984年，典型的属包括支原体属（Mycoplasma）螺原体属（Spiroplasma），脲原体属（Ureaplasma）和候选属级植原体属。^[7] 此外，它没有细胞壁，细胞和基因组都很小，鸟嘌呤+胞嘧啶比率较低。支原体门属于革兰氏阳性菌。其中，一部分支原体门下物种是生理状况下胎盘微生物群（英语：Placental microbiome）的一部分。^[8]^[9]由于是最小的细菌之一，动物容易感染疾病而不表现出任何症状，因此它们成为了疾病的携带者，最终导致疾病的传播。

该门最初由默里（Murray）在1984年版的《伯吉手册（英语：Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology）》中以“Tenericutes”（柔壁菌门）的名称发表。2021年，奥伦（Oren）和加里蒂（Garrity）根据修订后的《原核生物法规》重新发表了该门。

该门在系统发育上并不健全：在系统基因组学和 16S rRNA分析中，它在芽孢杆菌门内有分支。^[10]参阅柔膜菌纲 § 柔膜菌纲的门。

下属

柔膜菌綱(Mollicutes)

無膽甾原體目(Acholeplasmatales)
1. 無膽甾原體科(Acholeplasmataceae)
  1. 無膽甾原體屬(Acholeplasma)
  2. 植原體屬(Phytoplasma)*
厭氧原體目(Anaeroplasmatales)
1. 厭氧原體科(Anaeroplasmataceae)
  1. 厭氧原體屬(Anaeroplasma)
  2. 無甾醇原體屬(Asteroleplasma)
蟲原體目(Entomoplasmatales)
1. 蟲原體科(Entomoplasmataceae)
  1. 蟲原體屬(Entomoplasma)
  2. 中間原體屬(Mesoplasma)
2. 螺原體科(Spiroplasmataceae)
  1. 螺原體屬(Spiroplasma)
支原体目(Mycoplasmatales)
1. 支原体科(Mycoplasmataceae)
  1. (Allobaculum)
  2. (Eperythrozoon)
  3. (Haemobartonella)
  4. 支原体属(Mycoplasma)
  5. 脲原體屬(Ureaplasma)
目未定
1. 丹毒絲菌科(Erysipelothrichaceae)
  1. (Bulleidia)
  2. 丹毒絲菌屬(Erysipelothrix)
  3. (Holdemania)
  4. (Solobacterium)

参阅

参考文献

^ Murray RGE. The higher taxa, or, a place for everything...?. Krieg NR, Holt JG (编). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 1. Baltimore, MD: The Williams & Wilkins Co. 1984: 31–34.
^ Oren A, Garrity GM. Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2021, 71 (10): 5056. PMID 34694987. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056 .
^ J.P. Euzéby. Tenericutes. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. [2008-09-11]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-27）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Tenericutes. Taxonomy Browser. NCBI. [2008-09-11].
^ Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations ... 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2009-04-18. Int. J. of Sust. Bact.; July 1984, p. 355–357
^ Ludwig W, Schleifer KH, Whitman WB. Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes. De Vos P, Garrity GM, Jones D, Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Rainey FA, Schleifer KH, Whitman WB (编). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (PDF). 3 (The Firmicutes) 2nd. New York, NY: Springer–Verlag. 2009. ISBN 978-0-387-95041-9. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2010-09-21.
^ Ramírez, Ana S.; Poveda, José B.; Dijkman, Remco; Poveda, Carlos; Suárez-Pérez, Alejandro; Rosales, Rubén S.; Feberwee, Anneke; Szostak, Michael P.; Ressel, Lorenzo; Viver, Tomeu; Calabuig, Pascual; Catania, Salvatore; Gobbo, Federica; Timofte, Dorina; Spergser, Joachim. Mycoplasma bradburyae sp. nov. isolated from the trachea of sea birds. Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 2023-11-01, 46 (6): 126472. Bibcode:2023SyApM..4626472R. PMID 37839385. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126472.
^ Mor, Gil; Kwon, Ja-Young. Trophoblast-microbiome interaction: a new paradigm on immune regulation. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2015, 213 (4): S131–S137. ISSN 0002-9378. PMID 26428492. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.06.039.
^ Todar, K. Pathogenic E. coli. Online Textbook of Bacteriology. University of Wisconsin–Madison Department of Bacteriology. [2007-11-30]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-29）.
^ Field, CJ; Bowerman, KL; Hugenholtz, P. Multiple independent losses of sporulation and peptidoglycan in the Mycoplasmatales and related orders of the class Bacilli.. Microbial Genomics. January 2024, 10 (1). PMC 10868615 . PMID 38189216. doi:10.1099/mgen.0.001176 .

[1] Murray RGE. The higher taxa, or, a place for everything...?. Krieg NR, Holt JG (编). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 1. Baltimore, MD: The Williams & Wilkins Co. 1984: 31–34.

[2] Oren A, Garrity GM. Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2021, 71 (10): 5056. PMID 34694987. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056 .

[3] J.P. Euzéby. Tenericutes. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. [2008-09-11]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-27）.

[NCBI-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Tenericutes. Taxonomy Browser. NCBI. [2008-09-11].

[5] Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations ... 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2009-04-18. Int. J. of Sust. Bact.; July 1984, p. 355–357

[6] Ludwig W, Schleifer KH, Whitman WB. Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes. De Vos P, Garrity GM, Jones D, Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Rainey FA, Schleifer KH, Whitman WB (编). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (PDF). 3 (The Firmicutes) 2nd. New York, NY: Springer–Verlag. 2009. ISBN 978-0-387-95041-9. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2010-09-21.

[7] Ramírez, Ana S.; Poveda, José B.; Dijkman, Remco; Poveda, Carlos; Suárez-Pérez, Alejandro; Rosales, Rubén S.; Feberwee, Anneke; Szostak, Michael P.; Ressel, Lorenzo; Viver, Tomeu; Calabuig, Pascual; Catania, Salvatore; Gobbo, Federica; Timofte, Dorina; Spergser, Joachim. Mycoplasma bradburyae sp. nov. isolated from the trachea of sea birds. Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 2023-11-01, 46 (6): 126472. Bibcode:2023SyApM..4626472R. PMID 37839385. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126472.

[MorKwon2015-8] Mor, Gil; Kwon, Ja-Young. Trophoblast-microbiome interaction: a new paradigm on immune regulation. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2015, 213 (4): S131–S137. ISSN 0002-9378. PMID 26428492. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.06.039.

[Todar-9] Todar, K. Pathogenic E. coli. Online Textbook of Bacteriology. University of Wisconsin–Madison Department of Bacteriology. [2007-11-30]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-29）.

[10] Field, CJ; Bowerman, KL; Hugenholtz, P. Multiple independent losses of sporulation and peptidoglycan in the Mycoplasmatales and related orders of the class Bacilli.. Microbial Genomics. January 2024, 10 (1). PMC 10868615 . PMID 38189216. doi:10.1099/mgen.0.001176 .

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分類單元識別碼
Mycoplasmatota	维基数据: Q12968254 LPSN: mycoplasmatota NCBI: 544448
Tenericutes	维基数据: Q908484 維基物種: Tenericutes EoL: 10553657 EPPO: 1TENEP GBIF: 8003584 IRMNG: 205 ITIS: 956123 LPSN: tenericutes OTL: 663421 WoRMS: 567359