互养菌门

互养菌门
科学分类
域：	细菌域 Bacteria
界：	热袍菌界 Thermotogati
门：	互养菌门 Synergistota; Jumas-Bilak et al. 2009
纲：	互养菌纲 Synergistia; Jumas-Bilak et al. 2009
目：	互养菌目 Synergistales; Jumas-Bilak et al. 2009
科
	醋微菌科 Acetomicrobiaceae; 嗜胺菌科 Aminiphilaceae; 嗜硫胺菌科 Aminithiophilaceae; 氨基酸杆状菌科 Aminobacteriaceae; 脱硫代硫酸盐弧菌科 Dethiosulfovibrionaceae; 互养菌科 Synergistaceae; 嗜热互养菌科 Thermosynergistaceae; 热棍杆菌科 Thermovirgaceae;
異名
	"Synergistaeota" Oren et al. 2015; "Synergistetes" Jumas-Bilak et al. 2009; "Synergistota" Whitman et al. 2018;

互养菌门（学名：Synergistota）是厌氧菌门，呈革兰氏阴性染色，细胞呈杆状/弧菌。状。^[1]^[2]尽管互养菌门具有双皮层细胞膜，^[3]^[4]在互养菌门中尚未检测到参与脂多糖生物合成的各种蛋白质的基因，这表明它们可能具有非典型的外部细胞包膜。^[3]^[4]互养菌门栖息于大多数厌氧环境中，包括动物胃肠道、土壤、油井和废水处理厂，它们也存在于人类疾病部位，如囊肿、脓肿和牙周病区域。^[5]^[6]由于互养菌出现在与疾病相关的部位，因此被认为是机会性病原体，但它们也可以在健康个体的脐部微生物组和正常的阴道菌群中找到。该门内的物种也与牙周疾病、胃肠道感染和软组织感染有关。该门的其他物种已被确定为在厌氧消化器中降解污泥产生沼气的重要贡献者，是通过产生氢气用于可再生能源生产的潜在候选者。所有已知的互养菌门物种和属目前都属于同一个纲 (Synergistia)、目 (Synergistiales) 和科 (Synergistaceae)。

参考文献

^ Hugenholtz, P., Hooper, S.D., and Kyrpides, N.C. (2009). Focus: Synergistetes. Environ. Microbiol. 11, 1327–1329.
^ Jumas-Bilak, E.; Roudiere, L.; Marchandin, H. Description of 'Synergistetes' phyl. nov. and emended description of the phylum 'Deferribacteres' and of the family Syntrophomonadaceae, phylum 'Firmicutes'. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2009, 59: 1028–1035. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.006718-0 .
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Gupta, R. S. (2011) Origin of Diderm (Gram-negative) Bacteria: Antibiotic Selection Pressure Rather than Endosymbiosis Likely led to the Evolution of Bacterial Cells with Two Membranes. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 100: 171–182
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Sutcliffe, I.C. A phylum level perspective on bacterial cell envelope architecture. Trends Microbiol. 2010, 18: 464–470. PMID 20637628. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2010.06.005.
^ Jumas-Bilak, E.; Carlier, J.P.; Jean-Pierre, H.; Citron, D.; Bernard, K.; Damay, A.; Gay, B.; Teyssier, C.; Campos, J.; Marchandin, H. Jonquetella anthropi gen. nov., sp. nov., the first member of the candidate phylum 'Synergistetes' isolated from man. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2007, 57: 2743–2748. PMID 18048718. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65213-0 .
^ Vartoukian, S.R., Palmer, R.M., and Wade, W.G. (2007). The division "Synergistes". Anaerobe. 13, 99–106.

[1] Hugenholtz, P., Hooper, S.D., and Kyrpides, N.C. (2009). Focus: Synergistetes. Environ. Microbiol. 11, 1327–1329.

[Jumas-2] Jumas-Bilak, E.; Roudiere, L.; Marchandin, H. Description of 'Synergistetes' phyl. nov. and emended description of the phylum 'Deferribacteres' and of the family Syntrophomonadaceae, phylum 'Firmicutes'. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2009, 59: 1028–1035. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.006718-0 .

[gupta-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Gupta, R. S. (2011) Origin of Diderm (Gram-negative) Bacteria: Antibiotic Selection Pressure Rather than Endosymbiosis Likely led to the Evolution of Bacterial Cells with Two Membranes. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 100: 171–182

[Sutcliffe-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Sutcliffe, I.C. A phylum level perspective on bacterial cell envelope architecture. Trends Microbiol. 2010, 18: 464–470. PMID 20637628. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2010.06.005.

[5] Jumas-Bilak, E.; Carlier, J.P.; Jean-Pierre, H.; Citron, D.; Bernard, K.; Damay, A.; Gay, B.; Teyssier, C.; Campos, J.; Marchandin, H. Jonquetella anthropi gen. nov., sp. nov., the first member of the candidate phylum 'Synergistetes' isolated from man. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2007, 57: 2743–2748. PMID 18048718. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65213-0 .

[Vartoukian-6] Vartoukian, S.R., Palmer, R.M., and Wade, W.G. (2007). The division "Synergistes". Anaerobe. 13, 99–106.

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