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熱微菌門

维基百科,自由的百科全书
(重定向自热微菌门

热微菌门/热微菌纲
科学分类 编辑
域: 细菌域 Bacteria
界: 假单胞菌界 Pseudomonadati
门: 热微菌门 Thermomicrobiota
Garrity and Holt 2021[2]
纲: 热微菌纲 Thermomicrobia
Garrity and & Holt 2002[1]
異名
  • Thermomicrobia:
    • "Thermomicrobia" Garrity and Holt 2001
    • "Thermomicrobiota" Whitman et al. 2018
    • "Thermomicrobaeota" Oren et al. 2015

热微菌门学名: Thermomicrobiota),其下分级仅有唯一一个纲即热微菌纲(Thermomicrobia)。该纲是一类嗜热绿色非硫细菌。基于对玫瑰色热微菌(Thermomicrobium roseum)菌种(模式种)和嗜热球形杆菌(Sphaerobacter thermophilus)的研究,该细菌类群具有以下描述:[3][4]

热微菌纲又细分为两个目,该目具有效发表的名称:热微菌目 Thermomicrobiales Garrity and Holt 2001和球形杆菌目 Sphaerobacterales Stackebrandt, Rainey and Ward-Rainey 1997。革兰氏阴性。多形性、不运动、不形成芽孢的杆菌。不形成芽孢。不含二氨基酸英语Diamino acid。不含大量肽聚糖。非典型蛋白质细胞壁。超嗜热,最适生长温度为70—75°C。强制需氧和化能有机营养。[note 1]

作为嗜热细菌,该类细菌通常存在于远离人类活动的环境中。[5]然而,它们具有改善抗生素生长和一氧化碳(CO)氧化活性等特点,使它们成为有趣的研究课题(例如用于生物技术应用)。

历史

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1973年,从黄石国家公园的毒菌泉中分离出一株玫瑰粉色嗜热细菌,后来被命名为玫瑰色热微菌(Thermomicrobium roseum),并提出作为新属热微菌属(Thermomicrobium)的一个新物种。[6]当时该属被归类为无色杆菌科(Achromobacteraceae),但到2001年它已成为一个独立的门。[3]

2004年,基于遗传关联分析,有人提议将热微菌纲重新归类为绿弯菌门(Chloroflexota;其以前称为 Chloroflexi)的一个。最初被描述为放线杆菌纲 (Actinobacteria)的嗜热球形杆菌(Sphaerobacter Thermophilus)现在被认为是热微菌纲。[4][7]同年,从黄石国家公园分离出另一株玫瑰粉色嗜热细菌,被命名为土生热杆菌 (Thermobaculum terrenum)。[8]后来根据基因组的分析,将该物种归入热微菌纲。[9]然而,土生热杆菌的当前地位存在争议。[10]

2012年,从生物反应器中分离出一种耐热亚硝酸盐氧化细菌,被命名为荷兰硝化杆菌(Nitrolancetus hollandica),并于2014年下半年被提议作为一个新物种。[11]虽然它具有亚硝酸盐氧化活性,这在热微菌纲中是独一无二的,但根据16S核糖体RNA系统发育,它被归入热微菌纲。[12]

2014年,从生长在夏威夷基拉韦厄火山侧翼的基拉韦厄伊基坑火山口的土丘上的地热生物膜中分离出的两种嗜热、革兰氏阳性、杆状、不形成芽孢的细菌(菌株KI3T和KI4T)被提议作为基于16s核糖体RNA系统发育的新物种代表。KI3T菌株,后来被命名为Thermomicrobium caroxidum,与Thermomicrobium roseum密切相关。KI4T菌株,后来被命名为Thermorudis peleae,被提议作为新属Thermorudis的模式菌株。[13]


2015年,从新西兰怀蒂克地热土壤中分离出的嗜热细菌菌株WKT50.2被提议为一个新物种,后来被命名为Thermorudis pharmacophila。基于16s核糖体RNA的系统发育分析将其置于热微菌纲中,与Thermorudis peleae为近亲。[5]


脚注

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  1. ^ 上述描述并未考虑2004年之后新发现的物种。

參見

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Garrity GM, Holt JG. Class I. Thermomicrobia class. nov.. Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (编). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 1 (The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria) 2nd. New York, NY: Springer. 2001: 447–450. 
  2. ^ Oren A, Garrity GM. Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes需要付费订阅. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2021, 71 (10): 5056. PMID 34694987. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056可免费查阅. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Garrity GM, Holt JG. Phylum BVII. Thermomicrobia phy. nov.. Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (编). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 1, The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria. New York: Springer. 2001. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Hugenholtz P, Stackebrandt E. Reclassification of Sphaerobacter thermophilus from the subclass Sphaerobacteridae in the phylum Actinobacteria to the class Thermomicrobia (emended description) in the phylum Chloroflexi (emended description). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. November 2004, 54 (Pt 6): 2049–51. PMID 15545432. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.03028-0可免费查阅. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Houghton KM, Morgan XC, Lagutin K, MacKenzie AD, Vyssotskii M, Mitchell KA, McDonald IR, Morgan HW, Power JF, Moreau JW, Hanssen E, Stott MB. Thermorudis pharmacophila sp. nov., a novel member of the class Thermomicrobia isolated from geothermal soil, and emended descriptions of Thermomicrobium roseum, Thermomicrobium carboxidum, Thermorudis peleae and Sphaerobacter thermophilus. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. December 2015, 65 (12): 4479–87. PMID 26374291. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.000598可免费查阅. hdl:10289/11806可免费查阅. 
  6. ^ Jackson TJ, Ramaley RF, Meinschein WG. Thermomicrobium, a new genus of extremely thermophilic bacteria.. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. January 1973, 23 (1): 28–36. doi:10.1099/00207713-23-1-28可免费查阅. 
  7. ^ Boone DR, Baker CC. Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM.. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2002, 52 (Pt 3): 685–90. PMID 12054225. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02358-0. (原始内容需要付费订阅存档于6 June 2010). 
  8. ^ Botero LM, Brown KB, Brumefield S, Burr M, Castenholz RW, Young M, McDermott TR. Thermobaculum terrenum gen. nov., sp. nov.: a non-phototrophic gram-positive thermophile representing an environmental clone group related to the Chloroflexi (green non-sulfur bacteria) and Thermomicrobia. Archives of Microbiology. April 2004, 181 (4): 269–77. PMID 14745485. S2CID 31431143. doi:10.1007/s00203-004-0647-7. 
  9. ^ Kunisawa T. The phylogenetic placement of the non-phototrophic, Gram-positive thermophile 'Thermobaculum terrenum' and branching orders within the phylum 'Chloroflexi' inferred from gene order comparisons. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. August 2011, 61 (Pt 8): 1944–53. PMID 20833875. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.026088-0可免费查阅. 
  10. ^ See the NCBI webpage on unclassified Terrabacteria group Data extracted from the NCBI Taxonomy Browser. National Center for Biotechnology Information. [2018-10-01]. 
  11. ^ Sorokin DY, Vejmelkova D, Lücker S, Streshinskaya GM, Rijpstra WI, Damste JS, Kleerbezem R, van Loosdrecht M, Muyzer G, Daims H. Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. nov., a chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium isolated from a bioreactor belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. June 2014, 64 (6): 1859–1865. PMID 24573161. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.062232-0. 
  12. ^ Sorokin DY, Lücker S, Vejmelkova D, Kostrikina NA, Kleerebezem R, Rijpstra WI, Damsté JS, Le Paslier D, Muyzer G, Wagner M, van Loosdrecht MC, Daims H. Nitrification expanded: discovery, physiology and genomics of a nitrite-oxidizing bacterium from the phylum Chloroflexi. The ISME Journal. December 2012, 6 (12): 2245–56. PMC 3504966可免费查阅. PMID 22763649. doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.70. 
  13. ^ King CE, King GM. Thermomicrobium carboxidum sp. nov., and Thermorudis peleae gen. nov., sp. nov., carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria isolated from geothermally heated biofilms. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. August 2014, 64 (Pt 8): 2586–92. PMID 24814334. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.060327-0可免费查阅.